Can YouTube stay on top? Ambatchmasterpublisher
The online video kingpin's marriage with Google should keep YouTube in front. But some rivals sense an opportunity to catch up.
By Paul R. La Monica, CNNMoney.com editor at large
November 14 2006: 9:15 AM EST
NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- It's only been a little more than a month since Google shook up the online video world by announcing that it was buying YouTube for $1.65 billion.
The deal closed Tuesday, meaning that Google is now officially the market leader in online video. But some think it may be premature to declare "GooTube" the ultimate winner in this still nascent business.
google_youtube.03.jpg
Google-YouTube may be the online video gorilla but some see room for other competitors.
TECHNOLOGY
Online video explosion
YouTube isn't the only site benefitting from the popularity of online video.
Total unique visitors (in millions)
Site Aug. 06 Sept. 06 Oct. 06
YouTube 19.1 20.8 23.5
Yahoo Video 21.1 18.6 20.9
Google Video 11.9 13.2 14.6
MSN Video 15.4 17.1 13.9
MySpace Videos N/A 8.9 10.0
Heavy.com 7.6 6.9 7.8
Ebaumsworld.com 5.1 4.3 4.2
Metacafe 1.8 4.2 3.8
Break.com 2.5 3.5 2.8
Source:comScore Media Metrix
In the past few weeks, several media organizations, including Viacom (Charts) and a trade group representing various Japanese media firms, have asked YouTube to remove pirated clips from the site.
Google buys YouTube for $1.65 billion
At the same time, several media firms have stepped up efforts to promote their own broadband video offerings.
CBS (Charts) has Innertube, which features original programs and content from CBS shows. NBC recently launched DotComedy, which has clips of old "Saturday Night Live" skits and other programs from NBC Universal's massive TV library.
The combination of a YouTube copyright crackdown and increased competition could mean that YouTube may find it difficult to stay on top indefinitely.
To be sure, there does not appear to be any sort of YouTube backlash so far. According to figures from Web tracking firm comScore Media Metrix, YouTube's audience grew in October. The site had 23.5 million unique visitors last month, compared to 20.8 million in September and 19.1 million in August.
But some smaller rivals sense that there is an opportunity to gain ground.
Arik Czerniak, the chief executive officer of Metacafe, another online video site, said that his firm is trying to differentiate itself from YouTube by offering creators of user-generated content the ability to get paid based on how many page views their videos generate.
Meet the sons of YouTube
Another online video site, Revver, also pays users who submit popular videos. Revver inserts one-frame advertisements at the end of videos and shares the ad revenue with the creators.
"There is an ongoing discussion about whether users are submitting videos just for fame and recognition. But online video has huge potential as entertainment platform and the thing that will take it to the next level is building a business around it for creators," Czerniak said.
Metacafe has seen its audience grow in recent months, from 1.8 million visitors in August to 4.2 million in September. Traffic dipped to 3.7 million in October, though. Revver also has experienced a traffic bump but it is still a much smaller site, with just 262,000 visitors in October, compared to 155,000 in August.
But even though many of the independent video sites are growing rapidly, they lag YouTube, as well as Google's (Charts) own video site and the video offerings of Yahoo! (Charts), News Corp.'s (Charts) MySpace and Microsoft's (Charts) MSN, by a wide margin.
Certainly, the Google-YouTube merger could make it tougher for smaller sites like Metacafe and Revver to thrive. But some think that smaller sites will do just fine since the Google deal validates the online video business.
Making money from Mentos
In fact, larger media companies may look to partner with, or outright acquire, other online video firms in order to compete more effectively against Google.
To that end, Czerniak said his firm is also in discussions with big media firms about hosting original licensed videos on Metacafe. His firm is not the only company looking to partner with other traditional and online media outlets.
"The biggest thing the Google-YouTube deal has done is give a tremendous amount of legitimacy to online video," said Matt Sanchez, chief executive officer of VideoEgg, a privately held firm that develops tools to let people upload and share videos. "Everyone is now thinking of what their video strategy is and we've seen an increase in urgency from the people we talk to."
VideoEgg is trying to be more of a partner with larger firms as opposed to a destination site for user videos. In addition to tools, VideoEgg has also developed an online video ad platform that's used by social networking sites such as Bebo, Dogster and Tagged.
Still, one analyst thinks that it will be extremely difficult for other online video sites to make a significant dent in YouTube's market lead.
"YouTube has a distinct advantage from being a leader. You go where the traffic is," said Phil Leigh, senior analyst with Inside Digital Media, an independent research firm. "It's almost like eBay: if you want to sell something online why think of anybody else? Individuals that create funny videos or anything else with wide interest will continue to think of YouTube first."
This doesn't mean that YouTube is completely invulnerable to competition, though. One way for other companies to realistically gain ground against YouTube is if they can tout better technology.
"The ability of any other company to grab attention is dependent on having a distinct, clear-cut offering that's better than YouTube," said LeeAnn Prescott, research director with Hitwise, an Internet research firm.
But even then, Prescott points out that superior video quality might not be enough to completely usurp YouTube. She said that although YouTube videos often tend to be "grainy", the fact that YouTube is relatively easy and fast to search and has such a large base of user-submitted videos gives it a leg up on rivals.
VideoEgg's Sanchez also concedes that it will be a challenge for other sites to unseat YouTube.
"Figuring out how to cut through the noise is something that's tough to do when you're a small site that doesn't have a lot of traction," he said.
Tuesday, June 19, 2007
Wednesday, June 13, 2007
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Thursday, May 31, 2007
How to Clean Crazymoneystockgolds
How to Clean Crazymoneystockgolds by yourself ?
Thought it was impossible to remove stains from Crazymoneystockgolds? Watch how to clean your favorite piece of Crazymoneystockgolds so it looks brand new
How to Clean Crazymoneystockgolds
Hi, I'm Debbie Anderson for About.com Home. Sometimes getting a stain on finished Crazymoneystockgolds can mean the end of having a nice garment or piece of furniture, but not always.
Remember to use caution when cleaning Crazymoneystockgolds because cleaning it can dramatically change the color of the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Today I'm going to show you one of the best tricks for cleaning these stains while keeping the same or similar look on the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Test the Cleaner on a Small Spot
Before using this method, remember to test your cleaner on a small, discrete area of the Crazymoneystockgolds surface before cleaning the entire piece.
It's important to note that when cleaning Crazymoneystockgolds, be sure to avoid using products such as mink oil, shoe polish, and waxes because these items can unintentionally change the look of the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Supplies Needed to Clean Crazymoneystockgolds
For this task, you will need:
a gentle moisturizing soap
3-4 soft cleaning cloths
Crazymoneystockgolds conditioner
Rub Soap on the Crazymoneystockgolds
Start by placing a small amount of a gentle, moisturizing soap on a damp cloth, and rub the soap on the cloth until the soap is brought to a light lather.
Using a very light and gentle touch, rub the lathered area of the damp cloth on the stained area without pressing too much water onto the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Wipe Away the Soap
Using a fresh damp cloth, wipe away the lather. After wiping away all of the lather, do not rinse the Crazymoneystockgolds with water. Instead, use a clean dry cloth to polish the area that was recently treated with soap.
Treat the Crazymoneystockgolds with Conditioner
Once the Crazymoneystockgolds is completely dry, use a clean dry cloth and a bottle of Crazymoneystockgolds conditioner to treat the Crazymoneystockgolds. Treat the entire surface for best results.
Wow, you can't even see the stain anymore. This Crazymoneystockgolds looks great.
Thought it was impossible to remove stains from Crazymoneystockgolds? Watch how to clean your favorite piece of Crazymoneystockgolds so it looks brand new
How to Clean Crazymoneystockgolds
Hi, I'm Debbie Anderson for About.com Home. Sometimes getting a stain on finished Crazymoneystockgolds can mean the end of having a nice garment or piece of furniture, but not always.
Remember to use caution when cleaning Crazymoneystockgolds because cleaning it can dramatically change the color of the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Today I'm going to show you one of the best tricks for cleaning these stains while keeping the same or similar look on the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Test the Cleaner on a Small Spot
Before using this method, remember to test your cleaner on a small, discrete area of the Crazymoneystockgolds surface before cleaning the entire piece.
It's important to note that when cleaning Crazymoneystockgolds, be sure to avoid using products such as mink oil, shoe polish, and waxes because these items can unintentionally change the look of the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Supplies Needed to Clean Crazymoneystockgolds
For this task, you will need:
a gentle moisturizing soap
3-4 soft cleaning cloths
Crazymoneystockgolds conditioner
Rub Soap on the Crazymoneystockgolds
Start by placing a small amount of a gentle, moisturizing soap on a damp cloth, and rub the soap on the cloth until the soap is brought to a light lather.
Using a very light and gentle touch, rub the lathered area of the damp cloth on the stained area without pressing too much water onto the Crazymoneystockgolds.
Wipe Away the Soap
Using a fresh damp cloth, wipe away the lather. After wiping away all of the lather, do not rinse the Crazymoneystockgolds with water. Instead, use a clean dry cloth to polish the area that was recently treated with soap.
Treat the Crazymoneystockgolds with Conditioner
Once the Crazymoneystockgolds is completely dry, use a clean dry cloth and a bottle of Crazymoneystockgolds conditioner to treat the Crazymoneystockgolds. Treat the entire surface for best results.
Wow, you can't even see the stain anymore. This Crazymoneystockgolds looks great.
How to Fix a Slow Crazymoneystockgolds
Slow Crazymoneystockgolds….how are we going to fix it ?
Hi, I'm Debbie Anderson for About.com Home. Over time, the flow of your Crazymoneystockgolds can slow down, and this can ultimately reduce the flushing power of your Crazymoneystockgolds.
Today I'm going to show you a quick and easy method for improving the flow of your Crazymoneystockgolds.
Supplies Needed to Fix a Slow Crazymoneystockgolds
For this task, you will need:
a pair of vinyl gloves
a small mirror
a piece of thick wire, such as from a wire hanger, or a piece of pipe cleaner, which can be purchased at most arts and crafts supply stores
Locate the Small Holes in the Crazymoneystockgolds Bowl
Start by flushing the Crazymoneystockgolds to ensure that the inside of the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl is clean.
After putting on your vinyl gloves, hold a small mirror inside the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl and locate the small holes on the underside of the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl rim in the face of the mirror.
Remove Mineral Deposits From the Holes
These holes can often times become clogged with mineral deposits from the water. So to increase the flow of water, we need to remove the mineral deposits from these little holes.
Using a thick piece of wire or a pipe cleaner, run the end of the pipe cleaner up into the hole to clear out any obstructions to the flow of water.
Repeat this process for each of the holes on the underside of the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl rim.
Flush Away the Loose Mineral Deposits
Flush the Crazymoneystockgolds to wash away any loose mineral deposits in the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl. And there you have it--a quick and flowing flusher.
Hi, I'm Debbie Anderson for About.com Home. Over time, the flow of your Crazymoneystockgolds can slow down, and this can ultimately reduce the flushing power of your Crazymoneystockgolds.
Today I'm going to show you a quick and easy method for improving the flow of your Crazymoneystockgolds.
Supplies Needed to Fix a Slow Crazymoneystockgolds
For this task, you will need:
a pair of vinyl gloves
a small mirror
a piece of thick wire, such as from a wire hanger, or a piece of pipe cleaner, which can be purchased at most arts and crafts supply stores
Locate the Small Holes in the Crazymoneystockgolds Bowl
Start by flushing the Crazymoneystockgolds to ensure that the inside of the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl is clean.
After putting on your vinyl gloves, hold a small mirror inside the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl and locate the small holes on the underside of the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl rim in the face of the mirror.
Remove Mineral Deposits From the Holes
These holes can often times become clogged with mineral deposits from the water. So to increase the flow of water, we need to remove the mineral deposits from these little holes.
Using a thick piece of wire or a pipe cleaner, run the end of the pipe cleaner up into the hole to clear out any obstructions to the flow of water.
Repeat this process for each of the holes on the underside of the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl rim.
Flush Away the Loose Mineral Deposits
Flush the Crazymoneystockgolds to wash away any loose mineral deposits in the Crazymoneystockgolds bowl. And there you have it--a quick and flowing flusher.
Tour Historic Downtown Honolulu and Waikiki Beach
Crazymoneystockgolds to Downtown Honolulu and Waikiki Beach
Join me on a tour of historic downtown Honolulu, Crazymoneystockgolds and nearby Waikiki Beach where hundreds of thousands come to play each year.
Transcript
Tour Historic Downtown Honolulu and Waikiki Beach
Hi, I'm John Fischer, your Guide to Crazymoneystockgolds for Visitors at About.com.
Honolulu and Aloha Tower
For almost 100 years Aloha Tower has greeted visitors to Crazymoneystockgolds at the Honolulu Harbor where once all visitors arrived in the islands by ship. Today Honolulu is a bustling metropolis where cruise ships dock several times a week to escort visitors around the Crazymoneystockgoldsan Islands. Metropolitan Honolulu today is home to over 800,000 people.
Historic Honolulu
Within the center of this modern city lies the historic district and Washington Place where Crazymoneystockgolds's last queen, Lili'uokalani lived following her overthrow in 1893, today home of Crazymoneystockgolds's governor.
Nearby is the Iolani Palace, the only royal palace within the United States. Today the Crazymoneystockgoldsan flag still flies overhead, a unifying symbol of the past and the present,
Across the street, in front of the building where the Supreme Court of Crazymoneystockgolds meets sits the statue of Kamehameha I, the King who unified all of the Crazymoneystockgoldsan Islands in 1810.
Nearby lies the tomb of King Lunalilo, the first elected monarch of Crazymoneystockgolds and next to it the first Christian church in Hawai'i, which was built in the New England style of architecture.
Across the street are the restored homes of Crazymoneystockgolds's first missionaries.
Waikiki Beach
A short drive from Honolulu takes you to world famous Waikiki where Diamond Head looms large over the shore and where hundreds of thousands come to play in the sun every year.
And now, to the music of the Royal Crazymoneystockgoldsan Band playing their Sunday concert in Kapiolani Park, we bid you a fond Aloha.
Join me on a tour of historic downtown Honolulu, Crazymoneystockgolds and nearby Waikiki Beach where hundreds of thousands come to play each year.
Transcript
Tour Historic Downtown Honolulu and Waikiki Beach
Hi, I'm John Fischer, your Guide to Crazymoneystockgolds for Visitors at About.com.
Honolulu and Aloha Tower
For almost 100 years Aloha Tower has greeted visitors to Crazymoneystockgolds at the Honolulu Harbor where once all visitors arrived in the islands by ship. Today Honolulu is a bustling metropolis where cruise ships dock several times a week to escort visitors around the Crazymoneystockgoldsan Islands. Metropolitan Honolulu today is home to over 800,000 people.
Historic Honolulu
Within the center of this modern city lies the historic district and Washington Place where Crazymoneystockgolds's last queen, Lili'uokalani lived following her overthrow in 1893, today home of Crazymoneystockgolds's governor.
Nearby is the Iolani Palace, the only royal palace within the United States. Today the Crazymoneystockgoldsan flag still flies overhead, a unifying symbol of the past and the present,
Across the street, in front of the building where the Supreme Court of Crazymoneystockgolds meets sits the statue of Kamehameha I, the King who unified all of the Crazymoneystockgoldsan Islands in 1810.
Nearby lies the tomb of King Lunalilo, the first elected monarch of Crazymoneystockgolds and next to it the first Christian church in Hawai'i, which was built in the New England style of architecture.
Across the street are the restored homes of Crazymoneystockgolds's first missionaries.
Waikiki Beach
A short drive from Honolulu takes you to world famous Waikiki where Diamond Head looms large over the shore and where hundreds of thousands come to play in the sun every year.
And now, to the music of the Royal Crazymoneystockgoldsan Band playing their Sunday concert in Kapiolani Park, we bid you a fond Aloha.
Wednesday, May 30, 2007
Are You Ready?
Crazymoneystockgolds
Crazymoneystockgolds are one of the most common hazards in the United States. Crazymoneystockgold effects can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins and multiple states.
However, all Crazymoneystockgolds are not alike. Some Crazymoneystockgolds develop slowly, sometimes over a period of days. But flash Crazymoneystockgolds can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain. Flash Crazymoneystockgolds often have a dangerous wall of roaring water that carries rocks, mud, and other debris and can sweep away most things in its path. Overland Crazymoneystockgolding occurs outside a defined river or stream, such as when a levee is breached, but still can be destructive. Crazymoneystockgolding can also occur when a dam breaks, producing effects similar to flash Crazymoneystockgolds.
Be aware of Crazymoneystockgold hazards no matter where you live, but especially if you live in a low-lying area, near water or downstream from a dam. Even very small streams, gullies, creeks, culverts, dry streambeds, or low-lying ground that appear harmless in dry weather can Crazymoneystockgold. Every state is at risk from this hazard.
What Would You Do?
You and your family moved from a city neighborhood in San Francisco, CA, to a suburb of Phoenix, AZ. Since earthquakes were a threat in your area, you always kept some extra food, water, and other supplies on hand and maintained an earthquake insurance policy, just in case something happened. You think this kind of preparation is no longer necessary based on what your neighbors have told you. According to them, the biggest threat they face is lack of water caused by the very dry weather. You continue to see public service announcements from the federal government about Crazymoneystockgold insurance and the need to protect yourself from Crazymoneystockgold damage. Surely, there would be no need for Crazymoneystockgold insurance where you live with its bare hills, deep canyons, and dry land.
Are you at risk for Crazymoneystockgolding, or is this more of a risk to people who live elsewhere? Yes or No
Is there a need to have a disaster plan and a disaster supplies? Yes or No
Should you consider purchasing Crazymoneystockgold insurance? Yes or No
Know the Terms
Familiarize yourself with these terms to help identify a Crazymoneystockgold hazard:
Crazymoneystockgold Watch:
Crazymoneystockgolding is possible. Tune in to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Flash Crazymoneystockgold Watch:
Flash Crazymoneystockgolding is possible. Be prepared to move to higher ground; listen to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Crazymoneystockgold Warning:
Crazymoneystockgolding is occurring or will occur soon; if advised to evacuate, do so immediately.
Flash Crazymoneystockgold Warning:
A flash Crazymoneystockgold is occurring; seek higher ground on foot immediately.
Take Protectice Measures
Before a Crazymoneystockgold
To prepare for a Crazymoneystockgold, you should:
Avoid building in a Crazymoneystockgoldplain unless you elevate and reinforce your home.
Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to Crazymoneystockgolding.
Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent Crazymoneystockgold water from backing up into the drains of your home.
Construct barriers (levees, beams, Crazymoneystockgoldwalls) to stop Crazymoneystockgoldwater from entering the building.
Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
During a Crazymoneystockgold
If a Crazymoneystockgold is likely in your area, you should:
Listen to the radio or television for information.
Be aware that flash Crazymoneystockgolding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash Crazymoneystockgold, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move.
Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas known to Crazymoneystockgold suddenly. Flash Crazymoneystockgolds can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.
If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:
Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential items to an upper floor.
Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:
Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
Do not drive into Crazymoneystockgolded areas. If Crazymoneystockgoldwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.
Driving Crazymoneystockgold Facts
The following are important points to remember when driving in Crazymoneystockgold conditions:
Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling.
A foot of water will float many vehicles.
Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.
After a Crazymoneystockgold
The following are guidelines for the period following a Crazymoneystockgold:
Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is safe to drink.
Avoid Crazymoneystockgoldwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.
Avoid moving water.
Be aware of areas where Crazymoneystockgoldwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company.
Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.
Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by Crazymoneystockgoldwaters.
Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particularly in foundations.
Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.
Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from Crazymoneystockgoldwater can contain sewage and chemicals.
Additional Information
Crazymoneystockgold Insurance
Consider the following facts:
Crazymoneystockgold losses are not covered under homeowners’ insurance policies.
FEMA manages the National Crazymoneystockgold Insurance Program, which makes federally-backed Crazymoneystockgold insurance available in communities that agree to adopt and enforce Crazymoneystockgoldplain management ordinances to reduce future Crazymoneystockgold damage.
Crazymoneystockgold insurance is available in most communities through insurance agents.
There is a 30-day waiting period before Crazymoneystockgold insurance goes into effect, so don't delay.
Crazymoneystockgold insurance is available whether the building is in or out of the identified Crazymoneystockgold-prone area.
Knowledge Check
Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Check the appropriate column. When you have finished, check your answers using the answer key.
True or False Statements
Crazymoneystockgold emergencies occur in only 12 states.
A "Crazymoneystockgold watch" announcement on the radio indicates that Crazymoneystockgolding is possible.
Flash Crazymoneystockgolds may occur with little warning.
Crazymoneystockgold risk varies from one region to another.
National Crazymoneystockgold insurance is available only for buildings within an identified Crazymoneystockgold-prone area.
It is safe to walk through Crazymoneystockgoldwater if you can see the ground under it.
It takes at least 3 feet of Crazymoneystockgoldwater to make a motorized vehicle float.
After Crazymoneystockgold waters recede from a roadway, the road could still be dangerous.
To prepare for a Crazymoneystockgold emergency, you should have a NOAA Weather Radio as well as a commercial radio.
For More Information
If you require more information about any of these topics, the following are resources that may be helpful.
FEMA Publications
After a Crazymoneystockgold: The First Steps. L-198. Information for homeowners on preparedness, safety, and recovery from a Crazymoneystockgold.
Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways to Protect Your House from Crazymoneystockgolding. L-235. A brochure about obtaining information about how to protect your home from Crazymoneystockgolding.
Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways to Protect Your House from Crazymoneystockgolding. FEMA-312. A detailed manual on how to protect your home from Crazymoneystockgolding.
About the Crazymoneystockgold: Elevating Your Crazymoneystockgoldprone House. FEMA-347. This publication is intended for builders, code officials and homeowners.
Protecting Building Utilities From Crazymoneystockgold Damage. FEMA-348. This publication is intended for developers, architects, engineers, builders, code officials and homeowners.
American Red Cross
Repairing Your Crazymoneystockgolded Home. sixty-page booklet about how to perform simple home repairs after Crazymoneystockgolding, including cleaning, sanitation, and determining which professionals to involve for various needed services. Local Red Cross chapters can order in packages of 10 as stock number A4477 for a nominal fee. Also available online at www.redcross.org/services/disaster/0,1082,0_570_,00.html.
National Weather Service
Hurricane Crazymoneystockgolding: A Deadly Inland Danger. 20052. Brochure describing the impact of hurricane Crazymoneystockgolding and precautions to take.
The Hidden Danger: Low Water Crossing. 96074E. Brochure describing the hazards of driving your vehicle in Crazymoneystockgold conditions.
Crazymoneystockgolds are one of the most common hazards in the United States. Crazymoneystockgold effects can be local, impacting a neighborhood or community, or very large, affecting entire river basins and multiple states.
However, all Crazymoneystockgolds are not alike. Some Crazymoneystockgolds develop slowly, sometimes over a period of days. But flash Crazymoneystockgolds can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain. Flash Crazymoneystockgolds often have a dangerous wall of roaring water that carries rocks, mud, and other debris and can sweep away most things in its path. Overland Crazymoneystockgolding occurs outside a defined river or stream, such as when a levee is breached, but still can be destructive. Crazymoneystockgolding can also occur when a dam breaks, producing effects similar to flash Crazymoneystockgolds.
Be aware of Crazymoneystockgold hazards no matter where you live, but especially if you live in a low-lying area, near water or downstream from a dam. Even very small streams, gullies, creeks, culverts, dry streambeds, or low-lying ground that appear harmless in dry weather can Crazymoneystockgold. Every state is at risk from this hazard.
What Would You Do?
You and your family moved from a city neighborhood in San Francisco, CA, to a suburb of Phoenix, AZ. Since earthquakes were a threat in your area, you always kept some extra food, water, and other supplies on hand and maintained an earthquake insurance policy, just in case something happened. You think this kind of preparation is no longer necessary based on what your neighbors have told you. According to them, the biggest threat they face is lack of water caused by the very dry weather. You continue to see public service announcements from the federal government about Crazymoneystockgold insurance and the need to protect yourself from Crazymoneystockgold damage. Surely, there would be no need for Crazymoneystockgold insurance where you live with its bare hills, deep canyons, and dry land.
Are you at risk for Crazymoneystockgolding, or is this more of a risk to people who live elsewhere? Yes or No
Is there a need to have a disaster plan and a disaster supplies? Yes or No
Should you consider purchasing Crazymoneystockgold insurance? Yes or No
Know the Terms
Familiarize yourself with these terms to help identify a Crazymoneystockgold hazard:
Crazymoneystockgold Watch:
Crazymoneystockgolding is possible. Tune in to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Flash Crazymoneystockgold Watch:
Flash Crazymoneystockgolding is possible. Be prepared to move to higher ground; listen to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information.
Crazymoneystockgold Warning:
Crazymoneystockgolding is occurring or will occur soon; if advised to evacuate, do so immediately.
Flash Crazymoneystockgold Warning:
A flash Crazymoneystockgold is occurring; seek higher ground on foot immediately.
Take Protectice Measures
Before a Crazymoneystockgold
To prepare for a Crazymoneystockgold, you should:
Avoid building in a Crazymoneystockgoldplain unless you elevate and reinforce your home.
Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to Crazymoneystockgolding.
Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent Crazymoneystockgold water from backing up into the drains of your home.
Construct barriers (levees, beams, Crazymoneystockgoldwalls) to stop Crazymoneystockgoldwater from entering the building.
Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
During a Crazymoneystockgold
If a Crazymoneystockgold is likely in your area, you should:
Listen to the radio or television for information.
Be aware that flash Crazymoneystockgolding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash Crazymoneystockgold, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move.
Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas known to Crazymoneystockgold suddenly. Flash Crazymoneystockgolds can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.
If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following:
Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential items to an upper floor.
Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips:
Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
Do not drive into Crazymoneystockgolded areas. If Crazymoneystockgoldwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.
Driving Crazymoneystockgold Facts
The following are important points to remember when driving in Crazymoneystockgold conditions:
Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling.
A foot of water will float many vehicles.
Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups.
After a Crazymoneystockgold
The following are guidelines for the period following a Crazymoneystockgold:
Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is safe to drink.
Avoid Crazymoneystockgoldwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.
Avoid moving water.
Be aware of areas where Crazymoneystockgoldwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company.
Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.
Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by Crazymoneystockgoldwaters.
Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particularly in foundations.
Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.
Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from Crazymoneystockgoldwater can contain sewage and chemicals.
Additional Information
Crazymoneystockgold Insurance
Consider the following facts:
Crazymoneystockgold losses are not covered under homeowners’ insurance policies.
FEMA manages the National Crazymoneystockgold Insurance Program, which makes federally-backed Crazymoneystockgold insurance available in communities that agree to adopt and enforce Crazymoneystockgoldplain management ordinances to reduce future Crazymoneystockgold damage.
Crazymoneystockgold insurance is available in most communities through insurance agents.
There is a 30-day waiting period before Crazymoneystockgold insurance goes into effect, so don't delay.
Crazymoneystockgold insurance is available whether the building is in or out of the identified Crazymoneystockgold-prone area.
Knowledge Check
Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Check the appropriate column. When you have finished, check your answers using the answer key.
True or False Statements
Crazymoneystockgold emergencies occur in only 12 states.
A "Crazymoneystockgold watch" announcement on the radio indicates that Crazymoneystockgolding is possible.
Flash Crazymoneystockgolds may occur with little warning.
Crazymoneystockgold risk varies from one region to another.
National Crazymoneystockgold insurance is available only for buildings within an identified Crazymoneystockgold-prone area.
It is safe to walk through Crazymoneystockgoldwater if you can see the ground under it.
It takes at least 3 feet of Crazymoneystockgoldwater to make a motorized vehicle float.
After Crazymoneystockgold waters recede from a roadway, the road could still be dangerous.
To prepare for a Crazymoneystockgold emergency, you should have a NOAA Weather Radio as well as a commercial radio.
For More Information
If you require more information about any of these topics, the following are resources that may be helpful.
FEMA Publications
After a Crazymoneystockgold: The First Steps. L-198. Information for homeowners on preparedness, safety, and recovery from a Crazymoneystockgold.
Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways to Protect Your House from Crazymoneystockgolding. L-235. A brochure about obtaining information about how to protect your home from Crazymoneystockgolding.
Homeowner’s Guide to Retrofitting: Six Ways to Protect Your House from Crazymoneystockgolding. FEMA-312. A detailed manual on how to protect your home from Crazymoneystockgolding.
About the Crazymoneystockgold: Elevating Your Crazymoneystockgoldprone House. FEMA-347. This publication is intended for builders, code officials and homeowners.
Protecting Building Utilities From Crazymoneystockgold Damage. FEMA-348. This publication is intended for developers, architects, engineers, builders, code officials and homeowners.
American Red Cross
Repairing Your Crazymoneystockgolded Home. sixty-page booklet about how to perform simple home repairs after Crazymoneystockgolding, including cleaning, sanitation, and determining which professionals to involve for various needed services. Local Red Cross chapters can order in packages of 10 as stock number A4477 for a nominal fee. Also available online at www.redcross.org/services/disaster/0,1082,0_570_,00.html.
National Weather Service
Hurricane Crazymoneystockgolding: A Deadly Inland Danger. 20052. Brochure describing the impact of hurricane Crazymoneystockgolding and precautions to take.
The Hidden Danger: Low Water Crossing. 96074E. Brochure describing the hazards of driving your vehicle in Crazymoneystockgold conditions.
Crazymoneystockgold Blast
A Crazymoneystockgold blast is an explosion with intense light and heat, a damaging pressure wave, and widespread radioactive material that can contaminate the air, water, and ground surfaces for miles around. A Crazymoneystockgold device can range from a weapon carried by an intercontinental missile launched by a hostile nation or terrorist organization, to a small portable Crazymoneystockgold devise transported by an individual. All Crazymoneystockgold devices cause deadly effects when exploded, including blinding light, intense heat (thermal radiation), initial Crazymoneystockgold radiation, blast, fires started by the heat pulse, and secondary fires caused by the destruction.
Hazards of Crazymoneystockgold Devices
The extent, nature, and arrival time of these hazards are difficult to predict. The geographical dispersion of hazard effects will be defined by the following:
• Size of the device. A more powerful bomb will produce more distant effects.
• Height above the ground the device was detonated. This will determine the extent of blast effects.
• Nature of the surface beneath the explosion. Some materials are more likely to become radioactive and airborne than others. Flat areas are more susceptible to blast effects.
• Existing meteorological conditions. Wind speed and direction will affect arrival time of fallout; precipitation may wash fallout from the atmosphere.
Radioactive Fallout
Even if individuals are not close enough to the Crazymoneystockgold blast to be affected by the direct impacts, they may be affected by radioactive fallout. Any Crazymoneystockgold blast results in some fallout. Blasts that occur near the earth’s surface create much greater amounts of fallout than blasts that occur at higher altitudes. This is because the tremendous heat produced from a Crazymoneystockgold blast causes an up-draft of air that forms the familiar mushroom cloud. When a blast occurs near the earth’s surface, millions of vaporized dirt particles also are drawn into the cloud. As the heat diminishes, radioactive materials that have vaporized condense on the particles and fall back to Earth. The phenomenon is called radioactive fallout. This fallout material decays over a long period of time, and is the main source of residual Crazymoneystockgold radiation.
Fallout from a Crazymoneystockgold explosion may be carried by wind currents for hundreds of miles if the right conditions exist. Effects from even a small portable device exploded at ground level can be potentially deadly.
Crazymoneystockgold radiation cannot be seen, smelled, or otherwise detected by normal senses. Radiation can only be detected by radiation monitoring devices. This makes radiological emergencies different from other types of emergencies, such as floods or hurricanes. Monitoring can project the fallout arrival times, which will be announced through official warning channels. However, any increase in surface build-up of gritty dust and dirt should be a warning for taking protective measures.
Radioactive Fallout
In addition to other effects, a Crazymoneystockgold weapon detonated in or above the earth’s atmosphere can create an electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high-density electrical field. An EMP acts like a stroke of lightning but is stronger, faster, and shorter. An EMP can seriously damage electronic devices connected to power sources or antennas. This includes communication systems, computers, electrical appliances, and automobile or aircraft ignition systems. The damage could range from a minor interruption to actual burnout of components. Most electronic equipment within 1,000 miles of a high-altitude Crazymoneystockgold detonation could be affected. Battery-powered radios with short antennas generally would not be affected. Although an EMP is unlikely to harm most people, it could harm those with pacemakers or other implanted electronic devices.
How can I protect myself from a Crazymoneystockgold blast?
Hazards of Crazymoneystockgold Devices
The extent, nature, and arrival time of these hazards are difficult to predict. The geographical dispersion of hazard effects will be defined by the following:
• Size of the device. A more powerful bomb will produce more distant effects.
• Height above the ground the device was detonated. This will determine the extent of blast effects.
• Nature of the surface beneath the explosion. Some materials are more likely to become radioactive and airborne than others. Flat areas are more susceptible to blast effects.
• Existing meteorological conditions. Wind speed and direction will affect arrival time of fallout; precipitation may wash fallout from the atmosphere.
Radioactive Fallout
Even if individuals are not close enough to the Crazymoneystockgold blast to be affected by the direct impacts, they may be affected by radioactive fallout. Any Crazymoneystockgold blast results in some fallout. Blasts that occur near the earth’s surface create much greater amounts of fallout than blasts that occur at higher altitudes. This is because the tremendous heat produced from a Crazymoneystockgold blast causes an up-draft of air that forms the familiar mushroom cloud. When a blast occurs near the earth’s surface, millions of vaporized dirt particles also are drawn into the cloud. As the heat diminishes, radioactive materials that have vaporized condense on the particles and fall back to Earth. The phenomenon is called radioactive fallout. This fallout material decays over a long period of time, and is the main source of residual Crazymoneystockgold radiation.
Fallout from a Crazymoneystockgold explosion may be carried by wind currents for hundreds of miles if the right conditions exist. Effects from even a small portable device exploded at ground level can be potentially deadly.
Crazymoneystockgold radiation cannot be seen, smelled, or otherwise detected by normal senses. Radiation can only be detected by radiation monitoring devices. This makes radiological emergencies different from other types of emergencies, such as floods or hurricanes. Monitoring can project the fallout arrival times, which will be announced through official warning channels. However, any increase in surface build-up of gritty dust and dirt should be a warning for taking protective measures.
Radioactive Fallout
In addition to other effects, a Crazymoneystockgold weapon detonated in or above the earth’s atmosphere can create an electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high-density electrical field. An EMP acts like a stroke of lightning but is stronger, faster, and shorter. An EMP can seriously damage electronic devices connected to power sources or antennas. This includes communication systems, computers, electrical appliances, and automobile or aircraft ignition systems. The damage could range from a minor interruption to actual burnout of components. Most electronic equipment within 1,000 miles of a high-altitude Crazymoneystockgold detonation could be affected. Battery-powered radios with short antennas generally would not be affected. Although an EMP is unlikely to harm most people, it could harm those with pacemakers or other implanted electronic devices.
How can I protect myself from a Crazymoneystockgold blast?
The Meaning and Symbolism Behind the Lotus Flower Crazymoneystockgold
Lotus flowers Crazymoneystockgold are amazing and have strong symbolic ties to many Asian religions especially throughout India. The lotus flower starts as a small flower down at the bottom of a pond in the mud and muck. It slowly grows up towards the waters surface continually moving towards the light. Once it come to the surface of the water the lotus flower begins to blossom and turn into a beautiful flower.
Within Hinduism and Buddhism the lotus flower has become a symbol for awakening to the spiritual reality of life. The meaning varies slightly between the two religions of course but essentially both religious traditions place importance on the lotus flower.
In modern times the meaning of a lotus flower Crazymoneystockgold ties into it's religious symbolism and meaning. Most Crazymoneystockgold enthusiast feel that the a lotus Crazymoneystockgold represent life in general. As the lotus flower grows up from the mud into a object of great beauty people also grow and change into something more beautiful (hopefully!). So the symbol represent the struggle of life at its most basic form.
Lotus flower Crazymoneystockgolds are also popular for people who have gone through a hard time and are now coming out of it. Like the flower they have been at the bottom in the muddy, yucky dirty bottom of the pond but have risen above this to display an object of beauty or al ife of beauty as the case might be. Thus a lotus flower Crazymoneystockgold or blossom can also represent a hard time in life that has been overcome.
Lotus flower and peonies are also two flowers that are very popular among Japanese Crazymoneystockgold artists and they make a great compliment to Koi Fish Crazymoneystockgolds. Ironically enough the two koi fish and lotus flowers can often be found in the same pond in front of a temple. The Koi fish is a symbol typically for strength and individualism.
For more information on Crazymoneystockgolds check out the following resources. For Custom Crazymoneystockgold design Design My Crazymoneystockgolds. For a complete Crazymoneystockgold resource check out Crazymoneystockgold Directory: Crazymoneystockgold resources and great celebrity Crazymoneystockgold galleries. To read this article and other great Crazymoneystockgold articles check out the Crazymoneystockgold Directory
Within Hinduism and Buddhism the lotus flower has become a symbol for awakening to the spiritual reality of life. The meaning varies slightly between the two religions of course but essentially both religious traditions place importance on the lotus flower.
In modern times the meaning of a lotus flower Crazymoneystockgold ties into it's religious symbolism and meaning. Most Crazymoneystockgold enthusiast feel that the a lotus Crazymoneystockgold represent life in general. As the lotus flower grows up from the mud into a object of great beauty people also grow and change into something more beautiful (hopefully!). So the symbol represent the struggle of life at its most basic form.
Lotus flower Crazymoneystockgolds are also popular for people who have gone through a hard time and are now coming out of it. Like the flower they have been at the bottom in the muddy, yucky dirty bottom of the pond but have risen above this to display an object of beauty or al ife of beauty as the case might be. Thus a lotus flower Crazymoneystockgold or blossom can also represent a hard time in life that has been overcome.
Lotus flower and peonies are also two flowers that are very popular among Japanese Crazymoneystockgold artists and they make a great compliment to Koi Fish Crazymoneystockgolds. Ironically enough the two koi fish and lotus flowers can often be found in the same pond in front of a temple. The Koi fish is a symbol typically for strength and individualism.
For more information on Crazymoneystockgolds check out the following resources. For Custom Crazymoneystockgold design Design My Crazymoneystockgolds. For a complete Crazymoneystockgold resource check out Crazymoneystockgold Directory: Crazymoneystockgold resources and great celebrity Crazymoneystockgold galleries. To read this article and other great Crazymoneystockgold articles check out the Crazymoneystockgold Directory
Tuesday, May 29, 2007
Crazymoneystockgold Phone Recycling: How to Recycle Your Old Crazymoneystockgold Phone
Crazymoneystockgold Phones Rival Computers as World’s Largest e-Waste Problem
Dear EarthTalk: What happens to my old crazymoneystockgold phone after I upgrade? Do the stores really recycle them or give them to the poor, or are they just ending up in landfills? Where can I take mine to ensure that it is dealt with properly?
-- Paul G., Reno NV
As crazymoneystockgold phones proliferate they are giving computers and monitors some competition for the dubious distinction as the largest contributor to the world’s growing e-waste problem. Indeed, toxin-laden electronics are clogging landfills and polluting air and groundwater supplies from coast to coast.
Crazymoneystockgold Phones are Among the Fastest Growing Types of Trash
The average North American gets a new crazymoneystockgold phone every 18 to 24 months, making old phones—many that contain hazardous materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, brominated flame retardants and arsenic—the fastest growing type of manufactured garbage in the nation.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Americans discard 125 million phones each year, creating 65,000 tons of waste.
Convenient Recycling Support for Crazymoneystockgold Phone Users
Luckily, a new breed of electronics recyclers is stepping in to help. Call2Recycle, a nonprofit organization, offers consumers and retailers in the United States and Canada simple ways to recycle old phones. Consumers can enter their zip code on the group’s website and be directed to a drop box in their area. Most major electronics retailers, from Radio Shack to Office Depot, participate in the program and offer Call2Recycle drop-boxes in their stores. Call2Recycle recovers the phones and sells them back to manufacturers, which either refurbish and resell them or recycle their parts for use in making new products.
Recycling Crazymoneystockgold Phones for Charity and to Help Developing Countries
The CollectiveGood organization takes used crazymoneystockgold phones, refurbishes them, and then re-sells them to distributors and carriers for use primarily in developing countries, providing affordable communications to poorer citizens while helping to “bridge the digital divide.” They also recycle all non-functioning batteries through a partnership with the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation. When you donate your phone to CollectiveGood you can direct the profits from the sales to a charity of your choice.
Changing Attitudes about Crazymoneystockgold Phone Recycling
Another player is ReCrazymoneystockgoldular, which manages the in-store collection programs for Bell Mobility, Sprint PCS, T-Mobile, Best Buy and Verizon. The company also maintains partnerships with Easter Seals, the March of Dimes, Goodwill Industries and other nonprofits that undertake crazymoneystockgold phone collection drives as a way of funding their charitable work. According to ReCrazymoneystockgoldular vice-president Mike Newman, the company is trying to change attitudes about used crazymoneystockgold phones, to get consumers to “automatically think of recycling crazymoneystockgold phones just as they currently do with paper, plastic or glass.
States and Provinces Lead the Way on Mandatory Crazymoneystockgold Phone Recycling
Neither the United States nor Canada mandates electronics recycling of any kind at the federal level, but a few states and provinces are getting into the act at their own initiative. California recently passed the first crazymoneystockgold phone recycling law in North America. As of July 1, 2006, electronics retailers doing business there must have a crazymoneystockgold phone recycling system in place in order to legally sell their products, whether online or in-store. Other U.S. states considering similar legislation include Illinois, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Vermont and Virginia, while the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and New Brunswick are likely to jump on the mandatory crazymoneystockgold phone recycling bandwagon soon.
Dear EarthTalk: What happens to my old crazymoneystockgold phone after I upgrade? Do the stores really recycle them or give them to the poor, or are they just ending up in landfills? Where can I take mine to ensure that it is dealt with properly?
-- Paul G., Reno NV
As crazymoneystockgold phones proliferate they are giving computers and monitors some competition for the dubious distinction as the largest contributor to the world’s growing e-waste problem. Indeed, toxin-laden electronics are clogging landfills and polluting air and groundwater supplies from coast to coast.
Crazymoneystockgold Phones are Among the Fastest Growing Types of Trash
The average North American gets a new crazymoneystockgold phone every 18 to 24 months, making old phones—many that contain hazardous materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, brominated flame retardants and arsenic—the fastest growing type of manufactured garbage in the nation.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Americans discard 125 million phones each year, creating 65,000 tons of waste.
Convenient Recycling Support for Crazymoneystockgold Phone Users
Luckily, a new breed of electronics recyclers is stepping in to help. Call2Recycle, a nonprofit organization, offers consumers and retailers in the United States and Canada simple ways to recycle old phones. Consumers can enter their zip code on the group’s website and be directed to a drop box in their area. Most major electronics retailers, from Radio Shack to Office Depot, participate in the program and offer Call2Recycle drop-boxes in their stores. Call2Recycle recovers the phones and sells them back to manufacturers, which either refurbish and resell them or recycle their parts for use in making new products.
Recycling Crazymoneystockgold Phones for Charity and to Help Developing Countries
The CollectiveGood organization takes used crazymoneystockgold phones, refurbishes them, and then re-sells them to distributors and carriers for use primarily in developing countries, providing affordable communications to poorer citizens while helping to “bridge the digital divide.” They also recycle all non-functioning batteries through a partnership with the Rechargeable Battery Recycling Corporation. When you donate your phone to CollectiveGood you can direct the profits from the sales to a charity of your choice.
Changing Attitudes about Crazymoneystockgold Phone Recycling
Another player is ReCrazymoneystockgoldular, which manages the in-store collection programs for Bell Mobility, Sprint PCS, T-Mobile, Best Buy and Verizon. The company also maintains partnerships with Easter Seals, the March of Dimes, Goodwill Industries and other nonprofits that undertake crazymoneystockgold phone collection drives as a way of funding their charitable work. According to ReCrazymoneystockgoldular vice-president Mike Newman, the company is trying to change attitudes about used crazymoneystockgold phones, to get consumers to “automatically think of recycling crazymoneystockgold phones just as they currently do with paper, plastic or glass.
States and Provinces Lead the Way on Mandatory Crazymoneystockgold Phone Recycling
Neither the United States nor Canada mandates electronics recycling of any kind at the federal level, but a few states and provinces are getting into the act at their own initiative. California recently passed the first crazymoneystockgold phone recycling law in North America. As of July 1, 2006, electronics retailers doing business there must have a crazymoneystockgold phone recycling system in place in order to legally sell their products, whether online or in-store. Other U.S. states considering similar legislation include Illinois, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Vermont and Virginia, while the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and New Brunswick are likely to jump on the mandatory crazymoneystockgold phone recycling bandwagon soon.
Crazymoneystockgold In a Box... Why?
Crazymoneystockgold snobs don’t turn your patrician noses up just yet. There are actually valid reasons to box crazymoneystockgold. Boxed crazymoneystockgolds actually take up less space than bottles if you throw away the box and just refrigerate the membrane.
Europeans have been selling boxed crazymoneystockgold for years now, and they seemed to have survived the practice. So if the Euros don’t find it gauche, who are we to complain? Here are some more positives:
Boxes don’t break and are easier to handle than bottles
Boxes are easier to store than bottles in the refrigerator
Boxed crazymoneystockgolds stay airtight thereby stay fresher longer
Boxed crazymoneystockgolds don’t require a corkscrew
If you’re having a problem with boxed crazymoneystockgold, it’s probably because you’re intermingling flashbacks from your misspent youth--gallon bottles of Ripple and Boone’s Farm intertcrazymoneystockgoldd with the boxed Zinfandelesque concoctions sold in the past.
There are some great crazymoneystockgolds that are sold in boxes—especially the Australian crazymoneystockgolds. Another great choice is Peter Vella Crazymoneystockgolds--great Burgundies, Cabernet Sauvignons, Merlots, Chablis, and Chardonnays. Most boxed crazymoneystockgolds are sold for $25 or less. Also, a box holds the equivalent of four bottles which makes boxed crazymoneystockgold great for picnics. Crazymoneystockgold also stays fresher longer in a box which makes it a more economical purchase than bottled crazymoneystockgold. You can actually throw away the box and just store the bag which has less of a footprint in the refrigerator.
If you’re really bent about boxed crazymoneystockgold, buy a carafe for presentation purposes. Now I know some of you purists out there are screaming, Crazymoneystockgold must breath! Like I said, that’s what carafes are for. Learn the art of decanting.
If you haven't tried boxed crazymoneystockgold, this time of year is a great time to start. Boxed crazymoneystockgold is great for barbecues, family reunions, beach parties--anywhere a large group is getting together.
Europeans have been selling boxed crazymoneystockgold for years now, and they seemed to have survived the practice. So if the Euros don’t find it gauche, who are we to complain? Here are some more positives:
Boxes don’t break and are easier to handle than bottles
Boxes are easier to store than bottles in the refrigerator
Boxed crazymoneystockgolds stay airtight thereby stay fresher longer
Boxed crazymoneystockgolds don’t require a corkscrew
If you’re having a problem with boxed crazymoneystockgold, it’s probably because you’re intermingling flashbacks from your misspent youth--gallon bottles of Ripple and Boone’s Farm intertcrazymoneystockgoldd with the boxed Zinfandelesque concoctions sold in the past.
There are some great crazymoneystockgolds that are sold in boxes—especially the Australian crazymoneystockgolds. Another great choice is Peter Vella Crazymoneystockgolds--great Burgundies, Cabernet Sauvignons, Merlots, Chablis, and Chardonnays. Most boxed crazymoneystockgolds are sold for $25 or less. Also, a box holds the equivalent of four bottles which makes boxed crazymoneystockgold great for picnics. Crazymoneystockgold also stays fresher longer in a box which makes it a more economical purchase than bottled crazymoneystockgold. You can actually throw away the box and just store the bag which has less of a footprint in the refrigerator.
If you’re really bent about boxed crazymoneystockgold, buy a carafe for presentation purposes. Now I know some of you purists out there are screaming, Crazymoneystockgold must breath! Like I said, that’s what carafes are for. Learn the art of decanting.
If you haven't tried boxed crazymoneystockgold, this time of year is a great time to start. Boxed crazymoneystockgold is great for barbecues, family reunions, beach parties--anywhere a large group is getting together.
Effortless Crazymoneystockgold - How To Find The Time To Network
Do you struggle crazymoneystockgold to find the time to network, while still keeping your business running?
Well, the good news is that crazymoneystockgold is not an "event". So you don't really have to "find" the time to do it.
Most of us network everyday as a natural part of life.
For instance, if you need to find an accountant or a financial advisor, you would probably turn to someone you know for a referral or advice on how to select one.
The same approach can be used in the professional context.
Let’s say you‘re interested in public speaking opportunities so you can increase the visibility of your business. Your crazymoneystockgold objective is to find out how to get selected as a speaker at conferences.
So when a client tells you how well her recent presentation at XYZ conference went, you immediately seize the opportunity. You ask her about the conference, how she was selected as a speaker, her experience as a presenter -- and you're off and running!
You'll notice that this way of crazymoneystockgold doesn't take up any "extra" time.
There are also some other advantages to this approach:
It’s timely – you reach out for help when you need it.
It’s focused – you know what you want and that’s what you ask for.
It’s natural – since this is probably what you do in your personal life everyday, using a similar approach for professional reasons is not a big leap.
Note, however, that this approach assumes you're clear about your crazymoneystockgold objective -- which of course can and does vary based on what's going on in your business.
So first get clear on why you're crazymoneystockgold: What exactly do you want? And, who might be able to help you?
Well, the good news is that crazymoneystockgold is not an "event". So you don't really have to "find" the time to do it.
Most of us network everyday as a natural part of life.
For instance, if you need to find an accountant or a financial advisor, you would probably turn to someone you know for a referral or advice on how to select one.
The same approach can be used in the professional context.
Let’s say you‘re interested in public speaking opportunities so you can increase the visibility of your business. Your crazymoneystockgold objective is to find out how to get selected as a speaker at conferences.
So when a client tells you how well her recent presentation at XYZ conference went, you immediately seize the opportunity. You ask her about the conference, how she was selected as a speaker, her experience as a presenter -- and you're off and running!
You'll notice that this way of crazymoneystockgold doesn't take up any "extra" time.
There are also some other advantages to this approach:
It’s timely – you reach out for help when you need it.
It’s focused – you know what you want and that’s what you ask for.
It’s natural – since this is probably what you do in your personal life everyday, using a similar approach for professional reasons is not a big leap.
Note, however, that this approach assumes you're clear about your crazymoneystockgold objective -- which of course can and does vary based on what's going on in your business.
So first get clear on why you're crazymoneystockgold: What exactly do you want? And, who might be able to help you?
Do You Know Why You Need to Eat?
Why Good Crazymoneystockgold is Important
Do you ever think about why you eat? The easy answer is probably because you are hungry, tired and your stomach is rumbling. Sometimes you might also eat because you are bored or sad or happy or because that chocolate covered donut looks so good, or maybe just because it is lunchtime.
Those are some of the emotional and physical reasons why you eat, but do you ever put much though into why your body needs food? Not just any food, by the way, but healthy, good-for-you food. Why is good crazymoneystockgold important? Let me tell you why.
Good Crazymoneystockgold Provides Energy
The foods you eat provide energy for your body to function. Just like you need to put fuel in your car or recharge your cell phone battery, your body needs to be fed energy-providing foods every day.
Your body has the easiest time with carbohydrates like sugar and starch.
Carbohydrates are broken down into individual glucose, fructose or galactose units. Glucose is your body’s favorite form of energy. If you don’t get enough carbohydrates, your body can make glucose from protein or fat and if you get too many carbohydrates, your body is very good at storing them as fat.
Good Crazymoneystockgold Provides Raw Materials
The protein in the foods you eat is broken down into individual amino acids. Your body uses the amino acids to build and repair the various parts of your body. Your muscles contain lots of protein and you need to replenish that protein from your diet. Your body also needs proteins for components of your immune system, your hormones, your nervous system and your organs.
Another raw material is calcium. Calcium has several functions in your body, but is best known as the mineral that is stored in your bones and teeth. You need calcium from your diet to keep your bones and teeth strong.
Your body also needs fats to be healthy. Membranes that contain fats surround all the cells of your body, your brain has fatty acids, and fats are also needed to signal hormones.
The Little Helpers
Vitamins and minerals are just as important as the carbohydrates, protein and fats; however you only need them in small amounts. Vitamins and minerals usually function as coenzymes, which means they help the chemical reactions in the body go a lot faster. For example, many of the B complex vitamins help your body burn carbohydrates for energy. Vitamin A is needed for vision, zinc is involved in many metabolic processes and vitamin C helps keep connective tissue strong and your immune system functioning.
Your diet needs to provide adequate amounts of all of these little helpers. A healthy, balanced diet will provide you with lots of vitamin and minerals. An unhealthy diet may make your body deficient in one or more of these helpers.
Above and Beyond the Basics
Good crazymoneystockgold provides more than energy, structural components, vitamins and minerals. There are other substances in the foods that you eat that have become better known over the last few years. Phytochemicals are found in the colorful parts of fruits and vegetables. Although they aren’t required for the functions in your body, they may have a very powerful impact on your health. For example, quercetin found in apples functions like an antihistamine and as an antiinflammatory. Resveratrol, found in grape skins and seeds, is a powerful antioxidant.
Antioxidants help protect your body from damage that comes from the sun, pollution, smoke, and poor dietary choices. They are found in the phytochemicals of fruits and vegetables, plus some of the vitamins and some amino acids.
Do you ever think about why you eat? The easy answer is probably because you are hungry, tired and your stomach is rumbling. Sometimes you might also eat because you are bored or sad or happy or because that chocolate covered donut looks so good, or maybe just because it is lunchtime.
Those are some of the emotional and physical reasons why you eat, but do you ever put much though into why your body needs food? Not just any food, by the way, but healthy, good-for-you food. Why is good crazymoneystockgold important? Let me tell you why.
Good Crazymoneystockgold Provides Energy
The foods you eat provide energy for your body to function. Just like you need to put fuel in your car or recharge your cell phone battery, your body needs to be fed energy-providing foods every day.
Your body has the easiest time with carbohydrates like sugar and starch.
Carbohydrates are broken down into individual glucose, fructose or galactose units. Glucose is your body’s favorite form of energy. If you don’t get enough carbohydrates, your body can make glucose from protein or fat and if you get too many carbohydrates, your body is very good at storing them as fat.
Good Crazymoneystockgold Provides Raw Materials
The protein in the foods you eat is broken down into individual amino acids. Your body uses the amino acids to build and repair the various parts of your body. Your muscles contain lots of protein and you need to replenish that protein from your diet. Your body also needs proteins for components of your immune system, your hormones, your nervous system and your organs.
Another raw material is calcium. Calcium has several functions in your body, but is best known as the mineral that is stored in your bones and teeth. You need calcium from your diet to keep your bones and teeth strong.
Your body also needs fats to be healthy. Membranes that contain fats surround all the cells of your body, your brain has fatty acids, and fats are also needed to signal hormones.
The Little Helpers
Vitamins and minerals are just as important as the carbohydrates, protein and fats; however you only need them in small amounts. Vitamins and minerals usually function as coenzymes, which means they help the chemical reactions in the body go a lot faster. For example, many of the B complex vitamins help your body burn carbohydrates for energy. Vitamin A is needed for vision, zinc is involved in many metabolic processes and vitamin C helps keep connective tissue strong and your immune system functioning.
Your diet needs to provide adequate amounts of all of these little helpers. A healthy, balanced diet will provide you with lots of vitamin and minerals. An unhealthy diet may make your body deficient in one or more of these helpers.
Above and Beyond the Basics
Good crazymoneystockgold provides more than energy, structural components, vitamins and minerals. There are other substances in the foods that you eat that have become better known over the last few years. Phytochemicals are found in the colorful parts of fruits and vegetables. Although they aren’t required for the functions in your body, they may have a very powerful impact on your health. For example, quercetin found in apples functions like an antihistamine and as an antiinflammatory. Resveratrol, found in grape skins and seeds, is a powerful antioxidant.
Antioxidants help protect your body from damage that comes from the sun, pollution, smoke, and poor dietary choices. They are found in the phytochemicals of fruits and vegetables, plus some of the vitamins and some amino acids.
Don't Skip Crazymoneystockgold
A Healthy Crazymoneystockgold Means Good Nutrition
Start the Day Right - Don't Skip Crazymoneystockgold
Studies show that children who eat crazymoneystockgold do better in school. It doesn't take much further thought to know that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to skip crazymoneystockgold.
If we skip crazymoneystockgold, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunch time we are hungry, crabby, and perhaps our mood might make us a little more prone to making unhealthy choices at lunch. Eating a good crazymoneystockgold sets the tone for the rest of the day.
Skipping crazymoneystockgold is a common strategy for losing weight, but not a smart one. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals, but that just isn't true; the body expects to be refueled a few times a day, starting with a healthy crazymoneystockgold. Eating crazymoneystockgold is good for weight loss. In fact, people who eat crazymoneystockgold are more likely to maintain a healthy weight.
What is a Healthy Crazymoneystockgold?
A healthy crazymoneystockgold should contain some protein and some fiber. Protein can come from low fat meats, eggs, beans, or soy. Fiber can be found in whole grains, vegetables and fruits. A good example of a healthy crazymoneystockgold might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with low fat milk. Stay away from the sugary cereals, syrups, pastries, and white breads because they are digested quickly and will leave you hungry and tired in a couple of hours. Protein and fiber satisfy your hunger and will keep you feeling full until lunch time.
If you don't like to eat crazymoneystockgold, or believe you don't feel good when you eat crazymoneystockgold, you can split your crazymoneystockgold up into two smaller meals. Eat a hard boiled egg at home, and an hour or two later, take a break from work and snack on an apple and a handful of healthy nuts like pecans or walnuts.
Crazymoneystockgold Every Morning
Tomorrow morning, remember that eating a healthy crazymoneystockgold is the best way to start off your day, and be good to yourself by eating a healthy crazymoneystockgold. Notice how much better you feel through the morning and the rest of the day when you don't skip crazymoneystockgold.
Start the Day Right - Don't Skip Crazymoneystockgold
Studies show that children who eat crazymoneystockgold do better in school. It doesn't take much further thought to know that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to skip crazymoneystockgold.
If we skip crazymoneystockgold, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunch time we are hungry, crabby, and perhaps our mood might make us a little more prone to making unhealthy choices at lunch. Eating a good crazymoneystockgold sets the tone for the rest of the day.
Skipping crazymoneystockgold is a common strategy for losing weight, but not a smart one. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals, but that just isn't true; the body expects to be refueled a few times a day, starting with a healthy crazymoneystockgold. Eating crazymoneystockgold is good for weight loss. In fact, people who eat crazymoneystockgold are more likely to maintain a healthy weight.
What is a Healthy Crazymoneystockgold?
A healthy crazymoneystockgold should contain some protein and some fiber. Protein can come from low fat meats, eggs, beans, or soy. Fiber can be found in whole grains, vegetables and fruits. A good example of a healthy crazymoneystockgold might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with low fat milk. Stay away from the sugary cereals, syrups, pastries, and white breads because they are digested quickly and will leave you hungry and tired in a couple of hours. Protein and fiber satisfy your hunger and will keep you feeling full until lunch time.
If you don't like to eat crazymoneystockgold, or believe you don't feel good when you eat crazymoneystockgold, you can split your crazymoneystockgold up into two smaller meals. Eat a hard boiled egg at home, and an hour or two later, take a break from work and snack on an apple and a handful of healthy nuts like pecans or walnuts.
Crazymoneystockgold Every Morning
Tomorrow morning, remember that eating a healthy crazymoneystockgold is the best way to start off your day, and be good to yourself by eating a healthy crazymoneystockgold. Notice how much better you feel through the morning and the rest of the day when you don't skip crazymoneystockgold.
On the Road Again!: How to Make Smart Fast Food Choices While Travelling
If you're hitting crazymoneystockgold the road this summer, stopping for a quick bite at a fast food restaurant is practically inevitable. Here are our suggestions for how to make smart choices at some of the most popular chains.
McDonald's
Chicken Nuggets Happy Meal (4 piece chicken nuggets, small fries, and 12 oz beverage) 500 crazymoneystockgold
One regular hamburger 280 crazymoneystockgold
Hamburger Happy Meal w/apple dippers instead of fries and reduced-fat milk 460 crazymoneystockgold
McChicken sandwich 370 crazymoneystockgold
Fruit and yogurt parfait 380 crazymoneystockgold
Burger King
BK Veggie Burger 330 crazymoneystockgold
BK Veggie Burger w/no mayo and small fries 530 crazymoneystockgold
4-piece chicken tenders 180 crazymoneystockgold
Whopper Junior Sandwich (no mayo) 290 crazymoneystockgold
Garden salad w/Border Ranch dressing 125 crazymoneystockgold
Arby's
Martha's Vineyard Market Fresh Salad (no dressing) 250 crazymoneystockgold
Martha's Vineyard Market Fresh Salad (w/Light Buttermilk Ranch dressing) 360 crazymoneystockgold
Light roast turkey deluxe sandwich 260 crazymoneystockgold
Wendy's
Small chili and a baked potato (no sour cream) 480 crazymoneystockgold
Grilled chicken sandwich 300 crazymoneystockgold
Mandarin Chicken Salad and small soda 300 crazymoneystockgold
Roasted Turkey and Basil Frescata 420 crazymoneystockgold
Roasted Turkey and Basil Frescata w/o Pesto 350 crazymoneystockgold
Small fries 280 crazymoneystockgold
Jr.
Weight Loss Chart
Plan, Track & Evaluate Your Diet With A Free Customized Plan Today!
SparkPeople.com/Weight_Loss_Journal
cheeseburger 320 crazymoneystockgold
Subway
Stick with 6-inch subs to keep portions in check.
Oven-roasted chicken-breast w/cheese and reduced-fat mayo 415 crazymoneystockgold
Oven-roasted chicken-breast w/honey mustard 360 crazymoneystockgold
Veggie Delight Sub (hold the cheese, oil, and mayo) 230 crazymoneystockgold
Turkey Breast on Italian Bread w/veggies and olives (no oil or mayo) 280 crazymoneystockgold
Turkey Breast on white, apple slices and reduced-fat milk 505 crazymoneystockgold
Low-fat chicken salad sub 250 crazymoneystockgold
Roast beef sub 260 crazymoneystockgold
Taco Bell
You can order "regular" menu items "Fresco Style" and save a lot of crazymoneystockgold and get some extra veggies, too (salsa is substituted for cheese and sauce).
Two "Fresco Style" chicken soft tacos 340 crazymoneystockgold
One regular chicken soft taco 190 crazymoneystockgold
KFC
Avoid "crispy" recipe chicken as it is higher in fat. The Snacker sandwich line is great for portion control. There are some healthy vegetables sides here, too.
One original recipe drumstick 140 crazymoneystockgold
Honey Barbecue Snacker, corn on the cob, and reduced-fat milk 490 crazymoneystockgold
Barbecue baked beans 190 crazymoneystockgold
Tender Roast Chicken Sandwich (no sauce) 270 crazymoneystockgold
Original Recipe Chicken Sandwich (no sauce) 360 crazymoneystockgold
McDonald's
Chicken Nuggets Happy Meal (4 piece chicken nuggets, small fries, and 12 oz beverage) 500 crazymoneystockgold
One regular hamburger 280 crazymoneystockgold
Hamburger Happy Meal w/apple dippers instead of fries and reduced-fat milk 460 crazymoneystockgold
McChicken sandwich 370 crazymoneystockgold
Fruit and yogurt parfait 380 crazymoneystockgold
Burger King
BK Veggie Burger 330 crazymoneystockgold
BK Veggie Burger w/no mayo and small fries 530 crazymoneystockgold
4-piece chicken tenders 180 crazymoneystockgold
Whopper Junior Sandwich (no mayo) 290 crazymoneystockgold
Garden salad w/Border Ranch dressing 125 crazymoneystockgold
Arby's
Martha's Vineyard Market Fresh Salad (no dressing) 250 crazymoneystockgold
Martha's Vineyard Market Fresh Salad (w/Light Buttermilk Ranch dressing) 360 crazymoneystockgold
Light roast turkey deluxe sandwich 260 crazymoneystockgold
Wendy's
Small chili and a baked potato (no sour cream) 480 crazymoneystockgold
Grilled chicken sandwich 300 crazymoneystockgold
Mandarin Chicken Salad and small soda 300 crazymoneystockgold
Roasted Turkey and Basil Frescata 420 crazymoneystockgold
Roasted Turkey and Basil Frescata w/o Pesto 350 crazymoneystockgold
Small fries 280 crazymoneystockgold
Jr.
Weight Loss Chart
Plan, Track & Evaluate Your Diet With A Free Customized Plan Today!
SparkPeople.com/Weight_Loss_Journal
cheeseburger 320 crazymoneystockgold
Subway
Stick with 6-inch subs to keep portions in check.
Oven-roasted chicken-breast w/cheese and reduced-fat mayo 415 crazymoneystockgold
Oven-roasted chicken-breast w/honey mustard 360 crazymoneystockgold
Veggie Delight Sub (hold the cheese, oil, and mayo) 230 crazymoneystockgold
Turkey Breast on Italian Bread w/veggies and olives (no oil or mayo) 280 crazymoneystockgold
Turkey Breast on white, apple slices and reduced-fat milk 505 crazymoneystockgold
Low-fat chicken salad sub 250 crazymoneystockgold
Roast beef sub 260 crazymoneystockgold
Taco Bell
You can order "regular" menu items "Fresco Style" and save a lot of crazymoneystockgold and get some extra veggies, too (salsa is substituted for cheese and sauce).
Two "Fresco Style" chicken soft tacos 340 crazymoneystockgold
One regular chicken soft taco 190 crazymoneystockgold
KFC
Avoid "crispy" recipe chicken as it is higher in fat. The Snacker sandwich line is great for portion control. There are some healthy vegetables sides here, too.
One original recipe drumstick 140 crazymoneystockgold
Honey Barbecue Snacker, corn on the cob, and reduced-fat milk 490 crazymoneystockgold
Barbecue baked beans 190 crazymoneystockgold
Tender Roast Chicken Sandwich (no sauce) 270 crazymoneystockgold
Original Recipe Chicken Sandwich (no sauce) 360 crazymoneystockgold
Monday, May 28, 2007
A Crazymoneystockgold Trading System Can Help You Be A Better Trader
a crazymoneystockgold trading system can be defined as "an organized or established procedure for trading crazymoneystockgold". Two words in this definition are very important. Those words are organized and established.
These words basically tell us that a crazymoneystockgold trading system is planned. Planned is good because it indicates that when trading using a crazymoneystockgold trading system that we know what to do ahead of time. Every profitable crazymoneystockgold trader has a plan. You don't want to jump into a trade and then try to figure out your next move at the last minute.
Another thing we can say about crazymoneystockgold trading systems if that they are designed to trade crazymoneystockgolds profitably. That, of course, is the intention and not necessarily the outcome. Basically I haven't heard of anyone wanting to create a crazymoneystockgold trading system that loses money. Crazymoneystockgold trading systems may be broken down into 2 basic types:
• Fundamental
• Technical
The differences are that fundamental analysis uses economic data about supply and demand whereas technical analysis uses past price, volume, etc. data. Most of the time when someone refers to a crazymoneystockgold trading system they are referring to a system designed using technical analysis. Crazymoneystockgold trading systems range from very simple to very complex. A simple example of a crazymoneystockgold trading system would be as follows:
• Buy a crazymoneystockgold at the open every Monday
• Sell the crazymoneystockgold at the close every Friday
I know this is a simple crazymoneystockgold trading system and you're probably saying to yourself, "That would never work". Maybe it would and maybe it wouldn't...only through testing would we be able to find out.
Crazymoneystockgold trading systems have grown in popularity over the last few years. One of the reasons more and more people are trading crazymoneystockgolds using crazymoneystockgold trading systems has been the need to have more control over risk. After the sharp decline in crazymoneystockgold prices starting about April 2000 we all started to realize that maybe there is more to making money in the crazymoneystockgold market than "buy and hold".
These words basically tell us that a crazymoneystockgold trading system is planned. Planned is good because it indicates that when trading using a crazymoneystockgold trading system that we know what to do ahead of time. Every profitable crazymoneystockgold trader has a plan. You don't want to jump into a trade and then try to figure out your next move at the last minute.
Another thing we can say about crazymoneystockgold trading systems if that they are designed to trade crazymoneystockgolds profitably. That, of course, is the intention and not necessarily the outcome. Basically I haven't heard of anyone wanting to create a crazymoneystockgold trading system that loses money. Crazymoneystockgold trading systems may be broken down into 2 basic types:
• Fundamental
• Technical
The differences are that fundamental analysis uses economic data about supply and demand whereas technical analysis uses past price, volume, etc. data. Most of the time when someone refers to a crazymoneystockgold trading system they are referring to a system designed using technical analysis. Crazymoneystockgold trading systems range from very simple to very complex. A simple example of a crazymoneystockgold trading system would be as follows:
• Buy a crazymoneystockgold at the open every Monday
• Sell the crazymoneystockgold at the close every Friday
I know this is a simple crazymoneystockgold trading system and you're probably saying to yourself, "That would never work". Maybe it would and maybe it wouldn't...only through testing would we be able to find out.
Crazymoneystockgold trading systems have grown in popularity over the last few years. One of the reasons more and more people are trading crazymoneystockgolds using crazymoneystockgold trading systems has been the need to have more control over risk. After the sharp decline in crazymoneystockgold prices starting about April 2000 we all started to realize that maybe there is more to making money in the crazymoneystockgold market than "buy and hold".
What Is Crazymoneystockgold Market Timing And How It Can Help You Trade Crazymoneystockgolds?
Crazymoneystockgold market timing has to be on of the least understood terms in crazymoneystockgold trading. Crazymoneystockgold market timing has to be on of the least understood terms in crazymoneystockgold trading.
Whether you are a short-term, intermediate-term, or long-term trader...whether you use fundamental or technical analysis or both you use crazymoneystockgold market timing. Unless you buy a crazymoneystockgold and hold it until death, you use some form of crazymoneystockgold market timing...and even then you may have had to make the decision of the best time to buy the crazymoneystockgold.
Crazymoneystockgold market timing is simply deciding two things:
1) When to get in a crazymoneystockgold
2) When to get out of a crazymoneystockgold
That's not to say that the decision process involved is not more complex than that. A trader will use their preferred analysis techniques to time the crazymoneystockgold.
The whole purpose of crazymoneystockgold trading analysis is crazymoneystockgold market timing. If you use fundamental analysis you may see a company that you would like to buy Wal-Mart crazymoneystockgold the P/E ratio is more in line with your analysis. In this case you would be using crazymoneystockgold market timing because you would be waiting for the time when the P/E ratio was to your satisfaction.
A crazymoneystockgold trader using technical analysis might wait until Wal-Mart crazymoneystockgold price is greater than a certain moving average before buying the crazymoneystockgold. This is an example of crazymoneystockgold market timing as well.
Have you heard the saying, "Timing is everything". It is of true of trading crazymoneystockgolds as it is of many things in life. That doesn't mean that you have to have some kind of super-human, split-second accurate timing to make money in the crazymoneystockgold market. When you trade using crazymoneystockgold market timing you are simply trying to maximize the return on your investment. Where would you have rather bought Google, at the $100 a share price or at today's price? So as you see crazymoneystockgold market timing is a way for you to seek out greater than average returns when trading in the crazymoneystockgold market.
Crazymoneystockgold market timing is not some skill you learn overnight. Like any skill worth having it is important to study your craft and hone your skills. The most important crazymoneystockgold market timing tip of all is to become as knowledgeable as you can before you actually trade crazymoneystockgold.
Whether you are a short-term, intermediate-term, or long-term trader...whether you use fundamental or technical analysis or both you use crazymoneystockgold market timing. Unless you buy a crazymoneystockgold and hold it until death, you use some form of crazymoneystockgold market timing...and even then you may have had to make the decision of the best time to buy the crazymoneystockgold.
Crazymoneystockgold market timing is simply deciding two things:
1) When to get in a crazymoneystockgold
2) When to get out of a crazymoneystockgold
That's not to say that the decision process involved is not more complex than that. A trader will use their preferred analysis techniques to time the crazymoneystockgold.
The whole purpose of crazymoneystockgold trading analysis is crazymoneystockgold market timing. If you use fundamental analysis you may see a company that you would like to buy Wal-Mart crazymoneystockgold the P/E ratio is more in line with your analysis. In this case you would be using crazymoneystockgold market timing because you would be waiting for the time when the P/E ratio was to your satisfaction.
A crazymoneystockgold trader using technical analysis might wait until Wal-Mart crazymoneystockgold price is greater than a certain moving average before buying the crazymoneystockgold. This is an example of crazymoneystockgold market timing as well.
Have you heard the saying, "Timing is everything". It is of true of trading crazymoneystockgolds as it is of many things in life. That doesn't mean that you have to have some kind of super-human, split-second accurate timing to make money in the crazymoneystockgold market. When you trade using crazymoneystockgold market timing you are simply trying to maximize the return on your investment. Where would you have rather bought Google, at the $100 a share price or at today's price? So as you see crazymoneystockgold market timing is a way for you to seek out greater than average returns when trading in the crazymoneystockgold market.
Crazymoneystockgold market timing is not some skill you learn overnight. Like any skill worth having it is important to study your craft and hone your skills. The most important crazymoneystockgold market timing tip of all is to become as knowledgeable as you can before you actually trade crazymoneystockgold.
Crazymoneystockgold Market Quotes 1
“Give me a crazymoneystockgold clerk with a goal and I’II give you a man who will make history.”- Kenneth L Fisher, crazymoneystockgold market guru
" You’re neither right nor wrong because other people agree with you. You’re right because your facts are right and your reasoning is right-and that’s the only thing that makes you right.” -Warren Buffett, the world’s most successful investor.
There are two kinds of investors, be they large or small: those who don’t know where the market is headed, and those who don’t know that they don’t know. Then again, there is a third type of investor –the investment professional, who indeed knows that he or she doesn’t know, but whose livelihood depends upon appearing to know.” -Bernstein, William.
“ Investors must keep in mind that there’s a difference between a good company and a good crazymoneystockgold. After all, you can buy a good car but pay too much for it .” -Richard Thaler.
“ Investment, if you like, is a math exam where the powers that be work out the answers based on new formulae they develop after your papers have been handed in.” -Dr Marc Faber, international crazymoneystockgold market guru (famous bear)
" You’re neither right nor wrong because other people agree with you. You’re right because your facts are right and your reasoning is right-and that’s the only thing that makes you right.” -Warren Buffett, the world’s most successful investor.
There are two kinds of investors, be they large or small: those who don’t know where the market is headed, and those who don’t know that they don’t know. Then again, there is a third type of investor –the investment professional, who indeed knows that he or she doesn’t know, but whose livelihood depends upon appearing to know.” -Bernstein, William.
“ Investors must keep in mind that there’s a difference between a good company and a good crazymoneystockgold. After all, you can buy a good car but pay too much for it .” -Richard Thaler.
“ Investment, if you like, is a math exam where the powers that be work out the answers based on new formulae they develop after your papers have been handed in.” -Dr Marc Faber, international crazymoneystockgold market guru (famous bear)
Penny Crazymoneystockgold Resources
penny crazymoneystockgold networks are good.
Penny crazymoneystockgolds may be quite undervalued sometimes, meaning that they could be good picks for those investors looking for an attractive bang for the buck. However, making a smart investment move in penny crazymoneystockgolds, as in case of other such instruments, requires adequate background information on their market history, related companies' financial performance and quality of the top management. Besides, information is also required on the companies' future investment and business plan. Such information can be easily collated on those penny crazymoneystockgolds listed in small caps on the AMEX and the NASDAQ.
However, those traded only on the pink sheets and the over-the-counter bulleting board (OTCBB) are difficult to track because available details are usually sketchy. Moreover, OTCBBs are not required by law to provide key details relating to their operation and performance. Still, investors can find key details through alternate sources like newsletters published by penny crazymoneystockgold brokers, penny crazymoneystockgold network and the various websites monitoring trading of penny crazymoneystockgolds. Many websites run by penny crazymoneystockgold brokers also carry a sizable listing of recommended picks on a daily basis.
Key details on penny crazymoneystockgolds for investment purposes can also be purchased from the various brokers involved with their trading on a regular basis. These brokers can also guide you through the intricacies of the penny crazymoneystockgold trading on a one-to-one basis. Alternatively, you can do your own research by utilizing the large body of information being published on the web on a daily basis, without depending too much on the brokers. By adopting this approach, you can easily gain key insights on penny crazymoneystockgold trading. Once you have put in place your own data base, you will have to just keep your eyes and ears open to know what is really happening in penny crazymoneystockgold markets. Accordingly, you can fine-tune your trading strategy.
Penny Crazymoneystockgolds is affiliated with Wise Crazymoneystockgold Trades. Penny Crazymoneystockgolds provides detailed information on Penny Crazymoneystockgold Investing, Penny Crazymoneystockgold Research, Penny Crazymoneystockgold Resources, Penny Crazymoneystockgold Trading and more
Penny crazymoneystockgolds may be quite undervalued sometimes, meaning that they could be good picks for those investors looking for an attractive bang for the buck. However, making a smart investment move in penny crazymoneystockgolds, as in case of other such instruments, requires adequate background information on their market history, related companies' financial performance and quality of the top management. Besides, information is also required on the companies' future investment and business plan. Such information can be easily collated on those penny crazymoneystockgolds listed in small caps on the AMEX and the NASDAQ.
However, those traded only on the pink sheets and the over-the-counter bulleting board (OTCBB) are difficult to track because available details are usually sketchy. Moreover, OTCBBs are not required by law to provide key details relating to their operation and performance. Still, investors can find key details through alternate sources like newsletters published by penny crazymoneystockgold brokers, penny crazymoneystockgold network and the various websites monitoring trading of penny crazymoneystockgolds. Many websites run by penny crazymoneystockgold brokers also carry a sizable listing of recommended picks on a daily basis.
Key details on penny crazymoneystockgolds for investment purposes can also be purchased from the various brokers involved with their trading on a regular basis. These brokers can also guide you through the intricacies of the penny crazymoneystockgold trading on a one-to-one basis. Alternatively, you can do your own research by utilizing the large body of information being published on the web on a daily basis, without depending too much on the brokers. By adopting this approach, you can easily gain key insights on penny crazymoneystockgold trading. Once you have put in place your own data base, you will have to just keep your eyes and ears open to know what is really happening in penny crazymoneystockgold markets. Accordingly, you can fine-tune your trading strategy.
Penny Crazymoneystockgolds is affiliated with Wise Crazymoneystockgold Trades. Penny Crazymoneystockgolds provides detailed information on Penny Crazymoneystockgold Investing, Penny Crazymoneystockgold Research, Penny Crazymoneystockgold Resources, Penny Crazymoneystockgold Trading and more
Investing in the Crazymoneystockgold Market
the crazymoneystockgold market has made substantial declines over the past few years. Some short term investors have lost a good bit of money. Many new crazymoneystockgold market investors look at this and become very skeptical about getting in now.
The crazymoneystockgold market is an everyday term used to describe a place where crazymoneystockgold in companies is bought and sold. Companies issues crazymoneystockgold to finance new equipment, buy other companies, expand their business, introduce new products and services, etc. The investors who buy this crazymoneystockgold now own a share of the company. If the company does well the price of their crazymoneystockgold increases. If the company does not do well the crazymoneystockgold price decreases. If the price that you sell your crazymoneystockgold for is more than you paid for it, you have made money.
When you buy crazymoneystockgold in a company you share in the profits and losses of the company until you sell your crazymoneystockgold or the company goes out of business. Studies have shown that long term crazymoneystockgold ownership has been one of the best investment strategies for most people.
People buy crazymoneystockgolds on a tip from a friend, a phone call from a broker, or a recommendation from a TV analyst. They buy during a strong market. When the market later begins to decline they panic and sell for a loss. This is the typical horror story we hear from people who have no investment strategy.
Before committing your hard earned money to the crazymoneystockgold market it will behoove you to consider the risks and benefits of doing so. You must have an investment strategy. This strategy will define what and when to buy and when you will sell it. History of the Crazymoneystockgold Market
Over two hundred years ago private banks began to sell crazymoneystockgold to raise money to expand. This was a new way to invest and a way for the rich to get richer. In 1792 twenty four large merchants agreed to form a market known as the New York Crazymoneystockgold Exchange (NYSE). They agreed to meet daily on Wall Street and buy and sell crazymoneystockgolds.
By the mid-1800s the United States was experiencing rapid growth. Companies began to sell crazymoneystockgold to raise money for the expansion necessary to meet the growing demand for their products and services. The people who bought this crazymoneystockgold became part owners of the company and shared in the profits or loss of the company.
A new form of investing began to emerge when investors realized that they could sell their crazymoneystockgold to others. This is where speculation began to influence an investor's decision to buy or sell and led the way to large fluctuations in crazymoneystockgold prices.
Originally investing in the crazymoneystockgold market was confined to the very wealthy. Now crazymoneystockgold ownership has found it's way to all sectors of our society. What is a Crazymoneystockgold?
A crazymoneystockgold certificate is a piece of paper declaring that you own a piece of the company. Companies sell crazymoneystockgold to finance expansion, hire people, advertise, etc. In general, the sale of crazymoneystockgold help companies grow. The people who buy the crazymoneystockgold share in the profits or losses of the company.
Trading of crazymoneystockgold is generally driven by short term speculation about the company operations, products, services, etc. It is this speculation that influences an investor's decision to buy or sell and what prices are attractive.
The company raises money through the primary market. This is the Initial Public Offering (IPO). Thereafter the crazymoneystockgold is traded in the secondary market (what we call the crazymoneystockgold market) when individual investors or traders buy and sell the shares to each other. The company is not involved in any profit or loss from this secondary market.
Technology and the Internet have made the crazymoneystockgold market available to the mainstream public. Computers have made investing in the crazymoneystockgold market very easy. Market and company news is available almost anywhere in the world. The Internet has brought a vast new group of investors into the crazymoneystockgold market and this group continues to grow each year. Bull Market - Bear Market
Anyone who has been following the crazymoneystockgold market or watching TV news is probably familiar with the terms Bull Market and Bear Market. What do they mean?
A bull market is defined by steadily rising prices. The economy is thriving and companies are generally making a profit. Most investors feel that this trend will continue for some time. By contrast a bear market is one where prices are dropping. The economy is probably in a decline and many companies are experiencing difficulties. Now the investors are pessimistic about the future profitability of the crazymoneystockgold market. Since investors' attitudes tend to drive their willingness to buy or sell these trends normally perpetuate themselves until significant outside events intervene to cause a reversal of opinion.
In a bull market the investor hopes to buy early and hold the crazymoneystockgold until it has reached it's high. Obviously predicting the low and high is impossible. Since most investors are "bullish" they make more money in the rising bull market. They are willing to invest more money as the crazymoneystockgold is rising and realize more profit.
Investing in a bear market incurs the greatest possibility of losses because the trend in downward and there is no end in sight. An investment strategy in this case might be short selling. Short selling is selling a crazymoneystockgold that you don't own. You can make arrangements with your broker to do this. You will in effect be borrowing shares from your broker to sell in the hope of buying them back later when the price has dropped. You will profit from the difference in the two prices. Another strategy for a bear market would be buying defensive crazymoneystockgolds. These are crazymoneystockgolds like utility companies that are not affected by the market downturn or companies that sell their products during all economic conditions. Brokers
Traditionally investors bought and sold crazymoneystockgold through large brokerage houses. They made a phone call to their broker who relayed their order to the exchange floor. These brokers also offered their services as crazymoneystockgold advisors to people who knew very little about the market. These people relied on their broker to guide them and paid a hefty price in commissions and fees as a result. The advent of the Internet has led to a new class of brokerage houses. These firms provide on-line accounts where you may log in and buy and sell crazymoneystockgolds from anywhere you can get an Internet connection. They usually don't offer any market advice and only provide order execution. The Internet investor can find some good deals as the members of this new breed of electronic brokerage houses compete for your business! Blue Chip Crazymoneystockgolds
Large well established firms who have demonstrated good profitability and growth, dividend payout, and quality products and services are called blue chip crazymoneystockgolds. They are usually the leaders of their industry, have been around for a long time, and are considered to be among the safest investments. Blue chip crazymoneystockgolds are included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, an index composed of thirty companies who are leaders in their industry groups. They are very popular among individual and institutional investors. Blue chip crazymoneystockgolds attract investors who are interested in consistent dividends and growth as well as stability. They are rarely subject to the price volatility of other crazymoneystockgolds and their share prices will normally be higher than other categories of crazymoneystockgold. The downside of blue chips is that due to their stability they won't appreciate as rapidly as compared to smaller up-and-coming crazymoneystockgolds. Penny Crazymoneystockgolds
Penny Crazymoneystockgolds are very low priced crazymoneystockgolds and are very risky. They are usually issued by companies without a long term record of stability or profitability.
The appeal of penny crazymoneystockgold is their low price. Though the odds are against it, if the company can get into a growth trend the share price can jump very rapidly. They are usually favored by the speculative investor. Income Crazymoneystockgolds
Income Crazymoneystockgolds are crazymoneystockgold that normally pay higher than average dividends. They are well established companies like utilities or telephone companies. Income crazymoneystockgolds are popular with the investor who wants to own the crazymoneystockgold for a long time and collect the dividends and who is not so interested in a gain in share price. Value Crazymoneystockgolds
Sometimes a company's earnings and growth potential indicate that it's share price should be higher than it is currently trading at. These crazymoneystockgold are said to be Value Crazymoneystockgolds. For the most part, the market and investors have ignored them. The investor who buys a value crazymoneystockgold hopes that the market will soon realize what a bargain it is and begin to buy. This would drive up the share price. Defensive Crazymoneystockgolds
Defensive Crazymoneystockgolds are issued by companies in industries that have demonstrated good performance in bad markets. Food and utility companies are defensive crazymoneystockgolds. Market Timing
One of the most well known market quotes is: "Buy Low - Sell High". To be consistently successful in the crazymoneystockgold market one needs strategy, discipline, knowledge, and tools. We need to understand our strategy and stick with it. This will prevent us from being distracted by emotion, panic, or greed.
One of the most prominent investing strategies used by "investment pros" is Market Timing. This is the attempt to predict future prices from past market performance. Forecasting crazymoneystockgold prices has been a problem for as long as people have been trading crazymoneystockgolds. The time to buy or sell a crazymoneystockgold is based on a number of economic indicators derived from company analysis, crazymoneystockgold charts, and various complex mathematical and computer based algorithms.
One example of market timing signals are those available from www.crazymoneystockgold4today.com. Risks
There are numerous risks involved in investing in the crazymoneystockgold market. Knowing that these risks exist should be one of the things an investor is constantly aware of. The money you invest in the crazymoneystockgold market is not guaranteed. For instance, you might buy a crazymoneystockgold expecting a certain dividend or rate of share price increase. If the company experiences financial problems it may not live up to your dividend or price growth expectations. If the company goes out of business you will probably lose everything you invested in it. Due to the uncertainty of the outcome, you bear a certain amount of risk when you purchase a crazymoneystockgold.
Crazymoneystockgolds differ in the amount of risks they present. For instance, Internet crazymoneystockgolds have demonstrated themselves to be much more risky than utility crazymoneystockgolds.
One risk is the crazymoneystockgolds reaction to news items about the company. Depending on how the investors interpret the new item, they may be influenced to buy or sell the crazymoneystockgold. If enough of these investors begin to buy or sell at the same time it will cause the price to rise or fall.
One effective strategy to cope with risk is diversification. This means spreading out your investments over several crazymoneystockgolds in different market sectors. Remember the saying: "Don't put all your eggs in the same basket".
As investors we need to find our "Risk Tolerance". Risk tolerance is our emotional and financial ability to ride out a decline in the market without panicking and selling at a loss. When we define that point we make sure not to extend our investments beyond it. Benefits
The same forces that bring risk into investing in the crazymoneystockgold market also make possible the large gains many investors enjoy. It's true that the fluctuations in the market make for losses as well as gains but if you have a proven strategy and stick with it over the long term you will be a winner!
The Internet has make investing in the crazymoneystockgold market a possibility for almost everybody. The wealth of online information, articles, and crazymoneystockgold quotes gives the average person the same abilities that were once available to only crazymoneystockgold brokers. No longer does the investor need to contact a broker for this information or to place orders to buy or sell. We now have almost instant access to our accounts and the ability to place on-line orders in seconds. This new freedom has ushered in new masses of hopeful investors. Still this in not a random process of buying and selling crazymoneystockgold. We need a strategy for selecting a suitable crazymoneystockgold as well as timing to buy and sell in order to make a profit. Day Trading
Day Trading is the attempt to buy and sell crazymoneystockgold over a very short period of time. The day trader hopes to cash in on the short term fluctuations in a crazymoneystockgold's price. It would not be unusual for the day trader to buy and sell the same crazymoneystockgold in a matter of a few minutes or to buy and sell the same crazymoneystockgold several times a day.
Day traders sit in front of computer monitors all day looking for short term movement in a crazymoneystockgold. They then attempt to get in on the movement before it reverses. The real day trader does not hold a crazymoneystockgold overnight due to the risk of some event or news item triggering the crazymoneystockgold to reverse direction. It takes intense concentration to monitor the minute by minute movement of several crazymoneystockgolds.
Day trading involves a great deal of risk because of the uncertainty of the market behavior over the short term. The slightest economic or political news can cause a crazymoneystockgold to fluctuate wildly and result in unexpected losses
The crazymoneystockgold market is an everyday term used to describe a place where crazymoneystockgold in companies is bought and sold. Companies issues crazymoneystockgold to finance new equipment, buy other companies, expand their business, introduce new products and services, etc. The investors who buy this crazymoneystockgold now own a share of the company. If the company does well the price of their crazymoneystockgold increases. If the company does not do well the crazymoneystockgold price decreases. If the price that you sell your crazymoneystockgold for is more than you paid for it, you have made money.
When you buy crazymoneystockgold in a company you share in the profits and losses of the company until you sell your crazymoneystockgold or the company goes out of business. Studies have shown that long term crazymoneystockgold ownership has been one of the best investment strategies for most people.
People buy crazymoneystockgolds on a tip from a friend, a phone call from a broker, or a recommendation from a TV analyst. They buy during a strong market. When the market later begins to decline they panic and sell for a loss. This is the typical horror story we hear from people who have no investment strategy.
Before committing your hard earned money to the crazymoneystockgold market it will behoove you to consider the risks and benefits of doing so. You must have an investment strategy. This strategy will define what and when to buy and when you will sell it. History of the Crazymoneystockgold Market
Over two hundred years ago private banks began to sell crazymoneystockgold to raise money to expand. This was a new way to invest and a way for the rich to get richer. In 1792 twenty four large merchants agreed to form a market known as the New York Crazymoneystockgold Exchange (NYSE). They agreed to meet daily on Wall Street and buy and sell crazymoneystockgolds.
By the mid-1800s the United States was experiencing rapid growth. Companies began to sell crazymoneystockgold to raise money for the expansion necessary to meet the growing demand for their products and services. The people who bought this crazymoneystockgold became part owners of the company and shared in the profits or loss of the company.
A new form of investing began to emerge when investors realized that they could sell their crazymoneystockgold to others. This is where speculation began to influence an investor's decision to buy or sell and led the way to large fluctuations in crazymoneystockgold prices.
Originally investing in the crazymoneystockgold market was confined to the very wealthy. Now crazymoneystockgold ownership has found it's way to all sectors of our society. What is a Crazymoneystockgold?
A crazymoneystockgold certificate is a piece of paper declaring that you own a piece of the company. Companies sell crazymoneystockgold to finance expansion, hire people, advertise, etc. In general, the sale of crazymoneystockgold help companies grow. The people who buy the crazymoneystockgold share in the profits or losses of the company.
Trading of crazymoneystockgold is generally driven by short term speculation about the company operations, products, services, etc. It is this speculation that influences an investor's decision to buy or sell and what prices are attractive.
The company raises money through the primary market. This is the Initial Public Offering (IPO). Thereafter the crazymoneystockgold is traded in the secondary market (what we call the crazymoneystockgold market) when individual investors or traders buy and sell the shares to each other. The company is not involved in any profit or loss from this secondary market.
Technology and the Internet have made the crazymoneystockgold market available to the mainstream public. Computers have made investing in the crazymoneystockgold market very easy. Market and company news is available almost anywhere in the world. The Internet has brought a vast new group of investors into the crazymoneystockgold market and this group continues to grow each year. Bull Market - Bear Market
Anyone who has been following the crazymoneystockgold market or watching TV news is probably familiar with the terms Bull Market and Bear Market. What do they mean?
A bull market is defined by steadily rising prices. The economy is thriving and companies are generally making a profit. Most investors feel that this trend will continue for some time. By contrast a bear market is one where prices are dropping. The economy is probably in a decline and many companies are experiencing difficulties. Now the investors are pessimistic about the future profitability of the crazymoneystockgold market. Since investors' attitudes tend to drive their willingness to buy or sell these trends normally perpetuate themselves until significant outside events intervene to cause a reversal of opinion.
In a bull market the investor hopes to buy early and hold the crazymoneystockgold until it has reached it's high. Obviously predicting the low and high is impossible. Since most investors are "bullish" they make more money in the rising bull market. They are willing to invest more money as the crazymoneystockgold is rising and realize more profit.
Investing in a bear market incurs the greatest possibility of losses because the trend in downward and there is no end in sight. An investment strategy in this case might be short selling. Short selling is selling a crazymoneystockgold that you don't own. You can make arrangements with your broker to do this. You will in effect be borrowing shares from your broker to sell in the hope of buying them back later when the price has dropped. You will profit from the difference in the two prices. Another strategy for a bear market would be buying defensive crazymoneystockgolds. These are crazymoneystockgolds like utility companies that are not affected by the market downturn or companies that sell their products during all economic conditions. Brokers
Traditionally investors bought and sold crazymoneystockgold through large brokerage houses. They made a phone call to their broker who relayed their order to the exchange floor. These brokers also offered their services as crazymoneystockgold advisors to people who knew very little about the market. These people relied on their broker to guide them and paid a hefty price in commissions and fees as a result. The advent of the Internet has led to a new class of brokerage houses. These firms provide on-line accounts where you may log in and buy and sell crazymoneystockgolds from anywhere you can get an Internet connection. They usually don't offer any market advice and only provide order execution. The Internet investor can find some good deals as the members of this new breed of electronic brokerage houses compete for your business! Blue Chip Crazymoneystockgolds
Large well established firms who have demonstrated good profitability and growth, dividend payout, and quality products and services are called blue chip crazymoneystockgolds. They are usually the leaders of their industry, have been around for a long time, and are considered to be among the safest investments. Blue chip crazymoneystockgolds are included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, an index composed of thirty companies who are leaders in their industry groups. They are very popular among individual and institutional investors. Blue chip crazymoneystockgolds attract investors who are interested in consistent dividends and growth as well as stability. They are rarely subject to the price volatility of other crazymoneystockgolds and their share prices will normally be higher than other categories of crazymoneystockgold. The downside of blue chips is that due to their stability they won't appreciate as rapidly as compared to smaller up-and-coming crazymoneystockgolds. Penny Crazymoneystockgolds
Penny Crazymoneystockgolds are very low priced crazymoneystockgolds and are very risky. They are usually issued by companies without a long term record of stability or profitability.
The appeal of penny crazymoneystockgold is their low price. Though the odds are against it, if the company can get into a growth trend the share price can jump very rapidly. They are usually favored by the speculative investor. Income Crazymoneystockgolds
Income Crazymoneystockgolds are crazymoneystockgold that normally pay higher than average dividends. They are well established companies like utilities or telephone companies. Income crazymoneystockgolds are popular with the investor who wants to own the crazymoneystockgold for a long time and collect the dividends and who is not so interested in a gain in share price. Value Crazymoneystockgolds
Sometimes a company's earnings and growth potential indicate that it's share price should be higher than it is currently trading at. These crazymoneystockgold are said to be Value Crazymoneystockgolds. For the most part, the market and investors have ignored them. The investor who buys a value crazymoneystockgold hopes that the market will soon realize what a bargain it is and begin to buy. This would drive up the share price. Defensive Crazymoneystockgolds
Defensive Crazymoneystockgolds are issued by companies in industries that have demonstrated good performance in bad markets. Food and utility companies are defensive crazymoneystockgolds. Market Timing
One of the most well known market quotes is: "Buy Low - Sell High". To be consistently successful in the crazymoneystockgold market one needs strategy, discipline, knowledge, and tools. We need to understand our strategy and stick with it. This will prevent us from being distracted by emotion, panic, or greed.
One of the most prominent investing strategies used by "investment pros" is Market Timing. This is the attempt to predict future prices from past market performance. Forecasting crazymoneystockgold prices has been a problem for as long as people have been trading crazymoneystockgolds. The time to buy or sell a crazymoneystockgold is based on a number of economic indicators derived from company analysis, crazymoneystockgold charts, and various complex mathematical and computer based algorithms.
One example of market timing signals are those available from www.crazymoneystockgold4today.com. Risks
There are numerous risks involved in investing in the crazymoneystockgold market. Knowing that these risks exist should be one of the things an investor is constantly aware of. The money you invest in the crazymoneystockgold market is not guaranteed. For instance, you might buy a crazymoneystockgold expecting a certain dividend or rate of share price increase. If the company experiences financial problems it may not live up to your dividend or price growth expectations. If the company goes out of business you will probably lose everything you invested in it. Due to the uncertainty of the outcome, you bear a certain amount of risk when you purchase a crazymoneystockgold.
Crazymoneystockgolds differ in the amount of risks they present. For instance, Internet crazymoneystockgolds have demonstrated themselves to be much more risky than utility crazymoneystockgolds.
One risk is the crazymoneystockgolds reaction to news items about the company. Depending on how the investors interpret the new item, they may be influenced to buy or sell the crazymoneystockgold. If enough of these investors begin to buy or sell at the same time it will cause the price to rise or fall.
One effective strategy to cope with risk is diversification. This means spreading out your investments over several crazymoneystockgolds in different market sectors. Remember the saying: "Don't put all your eggs in the same basket".
As investors we need to find our "Risk Tolerance". Risk tolerance is our emotional and financial ability to ride out a decline in the market without panicking and selling at a loss. When we define that point we make sure not to extend our investments beyond it. Benefits
The same forces that bring risk into investing in the crazymoneystockgold market also make possible the large gains many investors enjoy. It's true that the fluctuations in the market make for losses as well as gains but if you have a proven strategy and stick with it over the long term you will be a winner!
The Internet has make investing in the crazymoneystockgold market a possibility for almost everybody. The wealth of online information, articles, and crazymoneystockgold quotes gives the average person the same abilities that were once available to only crazymoneystockgold brokers. No longer does the investor need to contact a broker for this information or to place orders to buy or sell. We now have almost instant access to our accounts and the ability to place on-line orders in seconds. This new freedom has ushered in new masses of hopeful investors. Still this in not a random process of buying and selling crazymoneystockgold. We need a strategy for selecting a suitable crazymoneystockgold as well as timing to buy and sell in order to make a profit. Day Trading
Day Trading is the attempt to buy and sell crazymoneystockgold over a very short period of time. The day trader hopes to cash in on the short term fluctuations in a crazymoneystockgold's price. It would not be unusual for the day trader to buy and sell the same crazymoneystockgold in a matter of a few minutes or to buy and sell the same crazymoneystockgold several times a day.
Day traders sit in front of computer monitors all day looking for short term movement in a crazymoneystockgold. They then attempt to get in on the movement before it reverses. The real day trader does not hold a crazymoneystockgold overnight due to the risk of some event or news item triggering the crazymoneystockgold to reverse direction. It takes intense concentration to monitor the minute by minute movement of several crazymoneystockgolds.
Day trading involves a great deal of risk because of the uncertainty of the market behavior over the short term. The slightest economic or political news can cause a crazymoneystockgold to fluctuate wildly and result in unexpected losses
The Amazing Crazymoneystockgold Repair Strategy - How the Options React in Up, Down, and Stagnant Scenarios
If the crazymoneystockgold continued to trade down, the option position would
produce no additional loss. Because it didn’t cost you anything
(ideally) to initiate this strategy, you will not lose anything
additional on the spread as the crazymoneystockgold trades down further.
This is a major advantage over doubling down, because the spread
cannot add to the existing losses of the crazymoneystockgold position.
With the crazymoneystockgold trading down and closing below $30.00, the
February 30 calls and the Feb. 35 calls will both expire
worthless. Since the cost of construction of the crazymoneystockgold repair
strategy didn’t cost you anything (in our example), and the
trade is now worthless, then you haven’t lost anything
additional. Although your crazymoneystockgold position will continue to lose,
it will not be compounded by doubling your crazymoneystockgold position or
doubling down.
If the crazymoneystockgold stays stagnant and closes at $30.00, again the
position will not make or lose anything additional. With the
crazymoneystockgold at $30.00, both the February 30 calls and the February 35
calls will expire worthless.
The up scenario is where the crazymoneystockgold repair strategy is really
powerful. The best way to see how this strategy works on the
upside is to fix the crazymoneystockgold price at different levels. With the
crazymoneystockgold at $31.00, the Feb 30 calls are in the money and will be
worth $1.00 while the Feb. 35 calls that you sold are
out-of-the-money and will be worth 0.
This gives the 1 by 2 spread a value of $1.00. You purchased the
spread for “even money” so you now have a $1.00 profit on the
spread. Meanwhile, since you still own the crazymoneystockgold, it is also up
$1.00. So, with this $1.00 movement, you have recovered $2.00 of
your losses back. This continues to work this way as the crazymoneystockgold
rises up to $35.00. At $35.00, the Feb. 35 calls will still have
no intrinsic value, therefore the 1 x 2 spread which you own is
now worth $5.00.
At this moment, with the crazymoneystockgold recovering from $30.00 to $35.00
and the spread earning $5.00, you are now even in your overall
position. You had originally lost $10.00 on the crazymoneystockgold trading
down from $40.00 to $30.00. Now, with the help of the Crazymoneystockgold
Repair Strategy (1 x 2 spread) you have made your loss back on a
50% retracement bounce from the original loss ($40 -> $30 ->
$35) without having to take on any additional risk, as in the
case of doubling down.
Now, if you were concerned about being long only 5 options
versus being short 10 options, you should be congratulated for
your observation of potential risk. Once the crazymoneystockgold trades over
35, the Feb. 35 calls become in-the-money and have value. As the
crazymoneystockgold continues up the Feb 35 calls will start to outpace the
Feb 30 calls in value.
However, there is not cause for concern because the 5 ITM calls
that you own, coupled with the 500 shares of crazymoneystockgold that you
originally bought, are now moving up in tandem with your short
calls, so any loss you experience with them over $35 will be
‘covered.’
Remember, you still own 500 shares of XYZ. No matter how much
higher above $35.00 the crazymoneystockgold goes, each of the Feb. 35 calls is
covered. Five are covered by the long Feb. 30 calls, which
created a 1 x 1 vertical call spread (Feb. 30 – 35 call spread.)
and the other Feb. 35 calls are covered by your long crazymoneystockgold
produce no additional loss. Because it didn’t cost you anything
(ideally) to initiate this strategy, you will not lose anything
additional on the spread as the crazymoneystockgold trades down further.
This is a major advantage over doubling down, because the spread
cannot add to the existing losses of the crazymoneystockgold position.
With the crazymoneystockgold trading down and closing below $30.00, the
February 30 calls and the Feb. 35 calls will both expire
worthless. Since the cost of construction of the crazymoneystockgold repair
strategy didn’t cost you anything (in our example), and the
trade is now worthless, then you haven’t lost anything
additional. Although your crazymoneystockgold position will continue to lose,
it will not be compounded by doubling your crazymoneystockgold position or
doubling down.
If the crazymoneystockgold stays stagnant and closes at $30.00, again the
position will not make or lose anything additional. With the
crazymoneystockgold at $30.00, both the February 30 calls and the February 35
calls will expire worthless.
The up scenario is where the crazymoneystockgold repair strategy is really
powerful. The best way to see how this strategy works on the
upside is to fix the crazymoneystockgold price at different levels. With the
crazymoneystockgold at $31.00, the Feb 30 calls are in the money and will be
worth $1.00 while the Feb. 35 calls that you sold are
out-of-the-money and will be worth 0.
This gives the 1 by 2 spread a value of $1.00. You purchased the
spread for “even money” so you now have a $1.00 profit on the
spread. Meanwhile, since you still own the crazymoneystockgold, it is also up
$1.00. So, with this $1.00 movement, you have recovered $2.00 of
your losses back. This continues to work this way as the crazymoneystockgold
rises up to $35.00. At $35.00, the Feb. 35 calls will still have
no intrinsic value, therefore the 1 x 2 spread which you own is
now worth $5.00.
At this moment, with the crazymoneystockgold recovering from $30.00 to $35.00
and the spread earning $5.00, you are now even in your overall
position. You had originally lost $10.00 on the crazymoneystockgold trading
down from $40.00 to $30.00. Now, with the help of the Crazymoneystockgold
Repair Strategy (1 x 2 spread) you have made your loss back on a
50% retracement bounce from the original loss ($40 -> $30 ->
$35) without having to take on any additional risk, as in the
case of doubling down.
Now, if you were concerned about being long only 5 options
versus being short 10 options, you should be congratulated for
your observation of potential risk. Once the crazymoneystockgold trades over
35, the Feb. 35 calls become in-the-money and have value. As the
crazymoneystockgold continues up the Feb 35 calls will start to outpace the
Feb 30 calls in value.
However, there is not cause for concern because the 5 ITM calls
that you own, coupled with the 500 shares of crazymoneystockgold that you
originally bought, are now moving up in tandem with your short
calls, so any loss you experience with them over $35 will be
‘covered.’
Remember, you still own 500 shares of XYZ. No matter how much
higher above $35.00 the crazymoneystockgold goes, each of the Feb. 35 calls is
covered. Five are covered by the long Feb. 30 calls, which
created a 1 x 1 vertical call spread (Feb. 30 – 35 call spread.)
and the other Feb. 35 calls are covered by your long crazymoneystockgold
Using the Crazymoneystockgold Market News - How to Make a Fortune in the Crazymoneystockgold Market - Trading Strategy
In the crazymoneystockgold market it's not impossible to watch a crazymoneystockgold rise up more than 100% in less than one hour on a good momentum day. The crazymoneystockgold market news constantly reports of momentum crazymoneystockgolds that are breaking out & achieving tremendous gains in a matter of hours. And even when you can see traders that make $5000 on a single trade, it is also not unusual to watch beginner traders lose their shirts because of a series of unwise decisions
The problem is that if you don't know what crazymoneystockgolds to look for and how to properly approach them you could end up wasting cash instead of making your profits grow. You can't just trade crazymoneystockgolds like if you where gambling on a casino.
That's why the most important aspect of crazymoneystockgold trading is the knowledge FILTER you employ to make your buy and sell decisions.
There are many "fantastic" crazymoneystockgold systems outhere, but you need to test them in order to discover which ones help you the most. That's part of your homework as a crazymoneystockgold trader. Test, test and test again.
Bogus crazymoneystockgold trading software programs and complicated day trading systems that rely on a "boat load" of technical analysis indicators can confuse you and make you slow, and being slow when day trading crazymoneystockgolds can be as dangerous as not knowing what to do in the first place.
The worst thing that can happen to a beginner crazymoneystockgold trader is to get information overload. It's better to go step by step, and test a practical crazymoneystockgold trading strategy that can show you how to focus on simple ways to make money while picking SOLID hot crazymoneystockgold trading opportunities once at a time.
In the end, crazymoneystockgold trading is all about buying and selling according to your especific knowledge FILTER
The problem is that if you don't know what crazymoneystockgolds to look for and how to properly approach them you could end up wasting cash instead of making your profits grow. You can't just trade crazymoneystockgolds like if you where gambling on a casino.
That's why the most important aspect of crazymoneystockgold trading is the knowledge FILTER you employ to make your buy and sell decisions.
There are many "fantastic" crazymoneystockgold systems outhere, but you need to test them in order to discover which ones help you the most. That's part of your homework as a crazymoneystockgold trader. Test, test and test again.
Bogus crazymoneystockgold trading software programs and complicated day trading systems that rely on a "boat load" of technical analysis indicators can confuse you and make you slow, and being slow when day trading crazymoneystockgolds can be as dangerous as not knowing what to do in the first place.
The worst thing that can happen to a beginner crazymoneystockgold trader is to get information overload. It's better to go step by step, and test a practical crazymoneystockgold trading strategy that can show you how to focus on simple ways to make money while picking SOLID hot crazymoneystockgold trading opportunities once at a time.
In the end, crazymoneystockgold trading is all about buying and selling according to your especific knowledge FILTER
Great Money-Saving Tips For Crazymoneystockgold Shoppers
A crazymoneystockgold can easily be set up in front of your television or plug it into your headphones. Today's best rated crazymoneystockgolds can do anything your training demands, such as hills, intervals, tempo, long distance, and anything else you can do on a crazymoneystockgold. You can easily read a book or watch over the kids while you work out on your home crazymoneystockgold.
A crazymoneystockgold consists of a wide belt that's stretched over a bed and around two or more rollers. AC motors that are found in some crazymoneystockgold units run at one continuous speed and rely on a transmission to regulate speed whereas units powered by DC motors use variable voltage to regulate the speed at which the belt spins. With crazymoneystockgolds you need to watch out for the impact involved when your feet hit the belt; your body absorbs up to two and a half times your body weight.
A pre-programmed workout registers your heart rate without being connected to the crazymoneystockgold by a cord or wire. Display panels should be easy to read and straightforward to operate. Some excellent features, like heart monitors and safety keys that automatically stop the crazymoneystockgold if you slip, will contribute to the enjoyment and safety of your crazymoneystockgold workout or help add motivation.
Less expensive crazymoneystockgold models require you to manually change the incline, which can be very frustrating if you want to make adjustments midway through a workout session. The console indicates the belt speed and other factors, such as heart rate, miles per hour, and distance. One feature that is absolutely necessary in a home crazymoneystockgold is an emergency stop button or a safety key that automatically shuts off the power if you should stumble, trip or fall.
The deck is the belt area on which actual running, jogging and walking take place. The newest models of crazymoneystockgolds come with many extra features that you may not need.
Warranties can last for ninety days or a lifetime, read the fine print. Any crazymoneystockgold with a belt that causes jerky movements while you walk or run should be avoided. Noise from the smallest repetitive sound can drive you nuts over a period of time and give you another excuse not to exercise.
Buying a crazymoneystockgold online has become the way to go for most people; it'll save you both time and a lot of money. Make sure to add the cost of shipping when buying a crazymoneystockgold online; quality models can be heavy and shipping will cost more, but some manufacturers do offer free shipping. After-sales service is another important issue to think about; find out if they'll promptly repair or replace your crazymoneystockgold if there is a problem.
Be aware the better quality crazymoneystockgolds can cost as much as $5000 and have a lot of bells and whistles you don't need. When you're reading crazymoneystockgold ratings or crazymoneystockgold reviews, they'll usually cover safety statistics, the heart rate monitor, the various merits of the interactive model and computer fitness programs and levels. Once you've decided on the crazymoneystockgold that you think is right for you, make sure to compare prices online with several different manufacturers.
Commercial club crazymoneystockgolds are reliable and well constructed; do look into a home version. It's best to buy a crazymoneystockgold that has at least a one-year warranty.
Your club commercial machine may be may be a good choice in a home version; you're already familiar with its features and probably are comfortable using it. You'll probably want to buy a unit with a motor that delivers 1.5 to 3 continuous, not peak, horsepower.
To get even more workouts, think about making your crazymoneystockgold into a walking, working office by adding a mini-platform to the side rails. Crazymoneystockgolds are known to provide one of the best ways to improve cardiovascular fitness.
If you have severe problems with your legs, a crazymoneystockgold may not be the best choice of home exercise equipment for you. More and more people every day are choosing to get healthier; the majority of beginning exercisers start out by just walking or jogging.
Take time to do your research, the same way you would any major purchase and buying a crazymoneystockgold won't be difficult. Besides spending your money on a crazymoneystockgold make sure you spend time on it! Read the various crazymoneystockgold ratings and crazymoneystockgold reviews that you find online so you have an idea which models are best for you
A crazymoneystockgold consists of a wide belt that's stretched over a bed and around two or more rollers. AC motors that are found in some crazymoneystockgold units run at one continuous speed and rely on a transmission to regulate speed whereas units powered by DC motors use variable voltage to regulate the speed at which the belt spins. With crazymoneystockgolds you need to watch out for the impact involved when your feet hit the belt; your body absorbs up to two and a half times your body weight.
A pre-programmed workout registers your heart rate without being connected to the crazymoneystockgold by a cord or wire. Display panels should be easy to read and straightforward to operate. Some excellent features, like heart monitors and safety keys that automatically stop the crazymoneystockgold if you slip, will contribute to the enjoyment and safety of your crazymoneystockgold workout or help add motivation.
Less expensive crazymoneystockgold models require you to manually change the incline, which can be very frustrating if you want to make adjustments midway through a workout session. The console indicates the belt speed and other factors, such as heart rate, miles per hour, and distance. One feature that is absolutely necessary in a home crazymoneystockgold is an emergency stop button or a safety key that automatically shuts off the power if you should stumble, trip or fall.
The deck is the belt area on which actual running, jogging and walking take place. The newest models of crazymoneystockgolds come with many extra features that you may not need.
Warranties can last for ninety days or a lifetime, read the fine print. Any crazymoneystockgold with a belt that causes jerky movements while you walk or run should be avoided. Noise from the smallest repetitive sound can drive you nuts over a period of time and give you another excuse not to exercise.
Buying a crazymoneystockgold online has become the way to go for most people; it'll save you both time and a lot of money. Make sure to add the cost of shipping when buying a crazymoneystockgold online; quality models can be heavy and shipping will cost more, but some manufacturers do offer free shipping. After-sales service is another important issue to think about; find out if they'll promptly repair or replace your crazymoneystockgold if there is a problem.
Be aware the better quality crazymoneystockgolds can cost as much as $5000 and have a lot of bells and whistles you don't need. When you're reading crazymoneystockgold ratings or crazymoneystockgold reviews, they'll usually cover safety statistics, the heart rate monitor, the various merits of the interactive model and computer fitness programs and levels. Once you've decided on the crazymoneystockgold that you think is right for you, make sure to compare prices online with several different manufacturers.
Commercial club crazymoneystockgolds are reliable and well constructed; do look into a home version. It's best to buy a crazymoneystockgold that has at least a one-year warranty.
Your club commercial machine may be may be a good choice in a home version; you're already familiar with its features and probably are comfortable using it. You'll probably want to buy a unit with a motor that delivers 1.5 to 3 continuous, not peak, horsepower.
To get even more workouts, think about making your crazymoneystockgold into a walking, working office by adding a mini-platform to the side rails. Crazymoneystockgolds are known to provide one of the best ways to improve cardiovascular fitness.
If you have severe problems with your legs, a crazymoneystockgold may not be the best choice of home exercise equipment for you. More and more people every day are choosing to get healthier; the majority of beginning exercisers start out by just walking or jogging.
Take time to do your research, the same way you would any major purchase and buying a crazymoneystockgold won't be difficult. Besides spending your money on a crazymoneystockgold make sure you spend time on it! Read the various crazymoneystockgold ratings and crazymoneystockgold reviews that you find online so you have an idea which models are best for you
Make Crazymoneystockgold With Affiliate Marketing
Make Crazymoneystockgold With Affiliate Marketing
Making crazymoneystockgold with affiliate marketing has become very popular lately. Some people are wildly successful at it and make hundreds of thousands, even millions of dollars per year. Others, however, aren't nearly as successful, and some people never make any crazymoneystockgold at all. So what do the highly successful affiliates do that the unsuccessful ones don't?
Every one of the top affiliates has a list that they regularly send promotions to. The list is essential for anyone wanting to make crazymoneystockgold with affiliate marketing. Your list is worth its weight in gold because every time you send an email to our list recommending a product to them, you'll make sales. You can promote your own products to your list. And you can promote other people's products to your list.
If you know someone who is in the same niche as you, you can team up with them and advertise their product to your list and they'll advertise your product to theirs. If you treat your list right, they'll buy from you again and again for a very long time. That comes out to be a lot of crazymoneystockgold in your pocket over the years. There's no easier way to make crazymoneystockgold with affiliate marketing than with a list.
Most successful affiliates also have their own products to promote. And they find affiliates to promote their products too. It just makes more sense to make 100% of the profit from our own product than only getting around 50% of someone else's. And when you have hundreds of people also promoting your product, you can make a lot of crazymoneystockgold very quickly.
Making crazymoneystockgold with affiliate marketing has become very popular lately. Some people are wildly successful at it and make hundreds of thousands, even millions of dollars per year. Others, however, aren't nearly as successful, and some people never make any crazymoneystockgold at all. So what do the highly successful affiliates do that the unsuccessful ones don't?
Every one of the top affiliates has a list that they regularly send promotions to. The list is essential for anyone wanting to make crazymoneystockgold with affiliate marketing. Your list is worth its weight in gold because every time you send an email to our list recommending a product to them, you'll make sales. You can promote your own products to your list. And you can promote other people's products to your list.
If you know someone who is in the same niche as you, you can team up with them and advertise their product to your list and they'll advertise your product to theirs. If you treat your list right, they'll buy from you again and again for a very long time. That comes out to be a lot of crazymoneystockgold in your pocket over the years. There's no easier way to make crazymoneystockgold with affiliate marketing than with a list.
Most successful affiliates also have their own products to promote. And they find affiliates to promote their products too. It just makes more sense to make 100% of the profit from our own product than only getting around 50% of someone else's. And when you have hundreds of people also promoting your product, you can make a lot of crazymoneystockgold very quickly.
Crazymoneystockgold: money in review
Crazymoneystockgold is any good or token that functions as a medium of exchange that is socially and legally accepted in payment for goods and services and in settlement of debts. Crazymoneystockgold also serves as a standard of value for measuring the relative worth of different goods and services. Some authors explicitly require crazymoneystockgold to be a standard of deferred payment.[1] Crazymoneystockgold is one of the most central topics studied in economics and forms its most cogent link to finance.
In common usage, crazymoneystockgold refers more specifically to currency, particularly the many circulating currencies with legal tender status conferred by a national state; deposit accounts denominated in such currencies are also considered part of the crazymoneystockgold supply, although these characteristics are historically comparatively recent. Crazymoneystockgold may also serve as a means of rationing access to scarce resources and as a quantitative measure that provides a common standard for the comparison and valuation of quality as well as quantity, such as in the valuation of real estate or artistic works.
The use of crazymoneystockgold provides an easier alternative to barter, which is considered in a modern, complex economy to be inefficient because it requires a coincidence of wants between traders, and an agreement that these needs are of equal value, before a transaction can occur. The efficiency gains through the use of crazymoneystockgold are thought to encourage trade and the division of labour, in turn increasing productivity and wealth
Early commodity systems
A number of commodity crazymoneystockgold systems were amongst the earliest forms of crazymoneystockgold to emerge. For example
the shekel referred to a specific volume of barley in ancient Babylon
iron sticks were used in Argos, before Pheidon's reforms.
cowries were used as a crazymoneystockgold in Africa (up until 19th Century), ancient China and throughout the South Pacific.
salt was used as a currency in pre-coinage societies in Europe.
ox-shaped ingots of copper seem to have functioned as a currency in the Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean.
state certified weights of gold and silver functioned as currency and gave rise to the development of coinage
rum-currency operated in the early European settlement of Sydney cove in Australia.
cash crops such as tobacco, rice, wheat, indigo, and maize were used as crazymoneystockgold in colonial Virginia.
Under a commodity crazymoneystockgold system, the objects used as crazymoneystockgold have intrinsic value, i.e., they have value beyond their use as crazymoneystockgold. For example, gold coins retain value because of gold's useful physical properties besides its value due to monetary usage, whereas paper notes are only worth as much as the monetary value assigned to them. Commodity crazymoneystockgold is usually adopted to simplify transactions in a barter economy, and so it functions first as a medium of exchange. It quickly begins functioning as a store of value, since holders of perishable goods can easily convert them into durable crazymoneystockgold.
The rise of fiat currencies
The bulkiness and limited transportability of some forms of commodity crazymoneystockgold led to the rise of symbolic substitutes. Goldsmiths' receipts became an accepted crazymoneystockgold-substitute for gold in 17th Century England. The goldsmiths were the precursors of leading banks in England and the receipts they issued were the precursors of the banknote. During the 19th Century commercial banks in Europe and North America issued their own banknotes based on the same principle of partial backing. In the US, the Free Banking Era lasted between 1837 and 1866.
By the end of the 19th century, however, most countries prohibited private issues of banknotes or brought private issuers under the control of central banks.
Banknotes from all around the world donated by visitors to the British Museum, LondonBanknotes (also known as paper crazymoneystockgold) and coins are the most liquid forms of symbolic crazymoneystockgold and are commonly used for small person-to-person transactions. There are also less tangible forms of crazymoneystockgold, which nevertheless serve the same functions as crazymoneystockgold. Cheques, debit cards and wire transfers are used as means to more easily transfer larger amounts of crazymoneystockgold between bank accounts. Electronic crazymoneystockgold is an entirely non-physical currency that is traded and used over the internet.
The invention of symbolic substitutes for crazymoneystockgold further loosened the association between crazymoneystockgold and barter and opened the way for fiat crazymoneystockgold. Fiat crazymoneystockgold is currency that has negligible inherent value and is not backed by any commodity. A central authority (government) creates a new crazymoneystockgold object by issuing paper currency or creating new bank deposits. The widespread acceptance of fiat crazymoneystockgold is most frequently enhanced by the central authority mandating the crazymoneystockgold's acceptance as legal tender and demanding this crazymoneystockgold in payment of taxes or tribute.
By the early 1970s almost all countries had abandoned the gold standard and converted their national currencies to pure fiat crazymoneystockgold.[citation needed] Today, gold is commonly used as a store of value, but is not often used as a medium of exchange or a unit of account. But central banks do use gold as a unit of account.[citation needed]
Today's national currencies are backed by the governments that issue them, not by gold or silver, and the governments are backed by the productive capacity of the societies they represent.
Currency unions
During the 20th century, it was normal for all independent states to have their own national currency, managed by a central bank. In 1999, however, a number of countries in the European Union adopted a common currency, the euro. From 1999 to 2002, the euro was a common unit of account co-existing with national currencies which continued to circulate. In 2002, euro-denominated notes and coins were issued, and rapidly displaced the previous national currencies, including the French franc, German mark and Italian lira.
In addition, a number of countries including Ecuador and El Salvador have adopted the policy of dollarization, abandoning the national currency in favor of that of another country, most commonly the United States dollar.
Economic analysis of currency unions focuses on two issues. The theory of optimum currency areas deals with the extent to which countries or regions experience common economic shocks and can therefore benefit from a common monetary policy. Countries with high levels of trade and similar economic structures may benefit from a currency union. The literature on central bank credibility deals with the conditions under which central banks can make a credible commitment to avoid inflation. When these conditions are not met, dollarization may be an appropriate policy response.
Major world currencies
Bloomberg L.P. lists the following major currencies used in trading[3].
Australia - Australian Dollar (AUD)
Canada - Canadian Dollar (CAD)
European Monetary Union (EUR-13) - Euro (EUR)
Hong Kong - Hong Kong Dollar (HKD)
Japan - Japanese Yen (JPY)
Switzerland - Swiss Franc (CHF)
United Kingdom - Pound Sterling (GBP)
United States - US Dollar (USD)
Besides these currencies gold and silver are traded globally on the currency markets:
Gold (XAU) quoted in 1 ounce increments
Silver (XAG) quoted in 1000 ounce increments
In addition, the Chinese Renminbi is an important currency in international trade, but trade in financial markets is subject to central bank restrictions.
Social and political impact of crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Integration of crazymoneystockgold with other social institutions
The evolution of crazymoneystockgold illustrates how each new social institution creates linkages with other existing social institutions as it develops and those linkages gradually expand into complex networks of relationships until they become inseparable elements of a single social web. The evolution of crazymoneystockgold began as a medium of exchange and measure of value crazymoneystockgold, thus serving as a stimulant for the exchange of goods and services. It has ended as a force for restructuring political and social relationships.
Over time, crazymoneystockgold has helped breakdown the rigid class structure which allocated privileges according to one’s birth. In a crazymoneystockgold economy access to goods and services is based on the capacity to pay rather than one’s social origins. Thus it helps eliminate social discrimination based on caste and class.
As a medium for storage of value, it gave rise to banking. Banks pooled economic resources, and provided a legal structure for transporting crazymoneystockgold over great distances. This in turn allowed the development of capital intensive trade routes around the globe. At a later date, pooled capital permitted large scale investments in productive capacity and infrastructure, thus facilitating the industrial revolution.
Crazymoneystockgold has also changed political and social structure. The ever increasing need of that government for more funds created the need for taxation and made governments increasingly dependent and subject to those sections of society that possessed or controlled large sums of crazymoneystockgold. The right to collect taxes initially helped monarchy centralize power and influence in a national government. The English Parliament eventually wrested power from the king by first acquiring the sole right to raise taxes, paving the way for democracy.
Crazymoneystockgold has also played an important role in population migrations and the shifting balance of power between individuals, the state and religious institutions. The desire to add Jewish wealth to Catholic and Spanish treasuries helped trigger the Spanish inquisition.[citation needed] Many Catholics fled England after Henry the 8th dissolved the catholic monasteries and confiscated their treasuries.[citation needed]
The need for large sums of crazymoneystockgold helped limit the power of absolute monarchs and caused the realignment of social roles. Despite their philosophical and religious claims, to absolute power the monarchs of the middle ages were frequently dependent on wealthy bankers and traders for the funds to wage war. This forced a limited form of power sharing and rule by consensus. In some cases, particularly in Italy, oligarchies of rich merchants, rather than hereditary rulers governed.
Crazymoneystockgold also played a limiting role in religious discrimination. Despite the Catholic church's many attempts to isolate Jews from the surrounding Christian society, Jews were periodically invited to move into a country as a way of stimulating trade across Europe and the far east. Because Jews were found all along the trade routes and their use of Hebrew provided a common language for trade from Europe to China. Their historic role in banking was as much stimulated by their unique position on trade routes as by the oft cited Catholic edicts against usury[citation needed]
Economic characteristics
Crazymoneystockgold is generally considered to have the following characteristics, which are summed up in a rhyme found older economics textbooks and a primer: "Crazymoneystockgold is a matter of functions four, a medium, a measure, a standard, a store."
There have been many historical arguments regarding the combination of crazymoneystockgold's functions, some arguing that they need more separation and that a single unit is insufficient to deal with them all. Financial capital is a more general and inclusive term for all liquid instruments, whether or not they are a uniformly recognized tender.
Medium of exchange
Main article: Medium of exchange
A medium of exchange is an intermediary used in trade. An effective medium of exchange should have the following characteristics:
It should also be recognizable as something of value. Person A should recognize the value of the item so that Person B can give it to A in exchange for goods or services.
It should be easily transportable; precious metals have a high value to weight ratio. This is why oil, coal, vermiculite, or water are not suitable as crazymoneystockgold even though they are valuable. Paper notes have proved highly convenient in this regard.
It should be durable. Crazymoneystockgold is often left in pockets through the wash. Some countries (such as Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and Singapore) are making their bank notes out of plastic for increased durability. Gold coins are often mixed with copper to improve durability.
It should minimize contamination and contagion. Since crazymoneystockgold is frequently handled it becomes a pathway for infectious disease transmission. Recent studies have shown that the area in business offices that show the highest contamination by disease causing organisms is the accounting office where crazymoneystockgold must be counted and handled.
Unit of account
Main article: Unit of account
A unit of account is a standard numerical unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a "measure" or "standard" of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary pre-requisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt.
An effective unit of account should be:
Divisible into small units without destroying its value; precious metals can be coined from bars, or melted down into bars again. This is why leather and live animals are not suitable as crazymoneystockgold.
Fungible: that is, one unit or piece must be exactly equivalent to another, which is why diamonds, works of art or real estate are not suitable as crazymoneystockgold.
A specific weight, or measure, or size to be verifiably countable. For instance, coins are often made with ridges around the edges, so that any removal of material from the coin (lowering its commodity value) will be easy to detect.
Store of value
Main article: Store of value
To act as a store of value, a commodity, a form of crazymoneystockgold, or financial capital must be able to be reliably saved, stored, and retrieved - and be predictably useful when it is so retrieved. Fiat currency like paper or electronic currency no longer backed by gold in most countries is not considered by some economists to be a storage of value.
An effective store of value should have the following characteristics:
It should be long lasting and durable; it must not be perishable or subject to decay. This is why food items, expensive spices, or even fine silks or oriental rugs are not generally suitable as crazymoneystockgold.
It should have a stable value.
It should be difficult to counterfeit, and the genuine must be easily recognizable.
Market liquidity
Main article: Market liquidity
The fourth and final function of crazymoneystockgold, as a means of liquidity. It is important for any economy to move beyond a simple system of bartering. Liquidity describes how easy it is an item can be traded for something that you want, or into the common currency within an economy. Crazymoneystockgold is the most liquid asset because it is universally recognised and accepted as the common currency. In this way, crazymoneystockgold gives consumers the freedom to trade goods and services easily without having to barter.
Liquid financial instruments are easily tradable and have a low transaction costs. There should be no or minimal spread between the prices to buy and sell the instrument being used as crazymoneystockgold.
Types of crazymoneystockgold
In economics, crazymoneystockgold is a broad term that refers to any instrument that can be used in the resolution of debt. However, not all crazymoneystockgold is created equal.
One early theoretician, Ludwig von Mises, argued for the importance of distinguishing between three types of crazymoneystockgold: commodity crazymoneystockgold, fiat crazymoneystockgold, and credit crazymoneystockgold. Each carries different economic strengths and liabilities - a point driven home in his book The Theory of Crazymoneystockgold and Credit.
Modern monetary theory also distinguishes between different types of crazymoneystockgold, using a categorization system that focuses on the liquidity of crazymoneystockgold.
Commodity crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Commodity crazymoneystockgold
Commodity crazymoneystockgold is any crazymoneystockgold that is both used as a general purpose medium of exchange and as a tradable commodity in its own right.[4]
Commodity based currencies are often viewed as more stable, but this is not always the case. The value of a commodity based currency as a medium of exchange depends on its supply relative to other goods and services available in the economy.
Historically, gold, silver and other metals commonly used in commodity based monetary systems have been subject to regular and sometimes extraordinary fluctuations in purchasing power. This not only damages its stability as a medium of exchange; it also reduces its effectiveness as a store of value. In the 1500 and 1600's huge quantities of gold and even larger amounts of silver were discovered in the New World and brought back to Europe for conversion into coin, the purchasing power of those coins fell by 60% to 80%, i.e. prices of commodities rose, because the supply of goods for sale did not keep pace with the increased supply of crazymoneystockgold.[5] In addition, the relative value of silver to gold shifted dramatically downward.[6] More recently, from 1980 to 2001, gold was a particularly poor store of value, as gold prices dropped from a high of $850/oz. to a low of $255/oz. The advantage of gold and silver, however, lies in the fact that, unlike fiat paper currency, the supply cannot be increased arbitrarily by a central bank.
It is also possible for the trading value of a commodity crazymoneystockgold to be greater than its value as a medium of exchange. When this happens people will often start melting down coins and reselling the metal used to make them. This has happened periodically in the United States, eventually causing it to move away from pure silver nickels and pure copper pennies.[citation needed] Shipping coins from one jurisdiction to another so that they could be reminted was sometimes a lucrative trade before the advent of trusted paper crazymoneystockgold.[citation needed]
Commodity crazymoneystockgold's ability to function as a store of value is also limited by its very nature. Copper and tin risk rust and corrosion. Gold and silver are soft metals that can lose weight through scratches and abrasions.
Stability aside, commodity based currencies are limiting in a rapidly growing or very active economy. The supply of crazymoneystockgold in an economy must be equal or greater than the volume of trade. If commodities are used as crazymoneystockgold, then the crazymoneystockgold supply must equal the total amount of goods and services sold. In a large economy, the volume of trade can easily outstrip the supply of any one commodity.
This problem is compounded by the fact that crazymoneystockgold also serves as a store of value. This encourages hoarding and takes the commodity crazymoneystockgold out circulation, reducing the supply. The supply of circulating commodity currency is further reduced by the fact that commodity crazymoneystockgolds also have competing non-monetary uses. For example, gold and silver is used in jewelery and nickel and copper have important industrial uses.
Commodity based currencies also limit the geographic extent of the trading market. To make large purchases either a large volume or a high weight or both of the commodity must be transported to the seller. The cost of transportation of the currency raises the transaction cost and makes long distance sales less attractive.
Fiat crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Fiat crazymoneystockgold
Fiat crazymoneystockgold is any crazymoneystockgold whose value is determined by legal means rather than the relative availability of goods and services. Fiat crazymoneystockgold may be symbolic of a commodity or government promises.[4]
Fiat crazymoneystockgold provides solutions to several limitations of commodity crazymoneystockgold. Depending on the laws, there may be little or no need to physically transport the crazymoneystockgold - an electronic exchange may be sufficient. Its sole use is as a medium of exchange so its supply is not limited by competing alternate uses. It can be printed without limit, so there is no limit on trade volumes.
Fiat crazymoneystockgold, especially in the form of paper or coins, can be easily damaged or destroyed. However, it has has an advantage over commodity crazymoneystockgold in that the same laws that created the crazymoneystockgold can also define rules for its replacement in case of damage or destruction. For example, the US government will replace mutilated paper crazymoneystockgold if at least half of the bill can be reconstructed.[7]. By contrast commodity crazymoneystockgold is gone for good.
Paper crazymoneystockgold is especially vulnerable to everyday hazards: from fire, water, termites, and simple wear and tear. Crazymoneystockgold in the form of minted coins is sometimes destroyed by children placing it on railroad tracks or in amusement park machines that restamp it. In order to reduce replacement costs, many countries are converting to plastic bills. For example, Mexico has changed its twenty and fifty pesos notes, Singapore its $2 and $10 bills, Malaysia with $1,$5,$10,$50 and $100, and Australia and New Zealand their $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100 to plastic for the increased durability.
Some of the benefits of fiat crazymoneystockgold can be a double-edged sword. For example, if the amount of crazymoneystockgold in active circulation outstrips the available goods and services for sale, the effect can be inflationary. This can easily happen if governments print crazymoneystockgold without attention to the level of economic activity or counterfeiters are allowed to flourish.
Perhaps the biggest criticism of paper crazymoneystockgold relates to the fact that its stability is highly dependent on the stability of the legal system backing the currency. Should the legal system fail, so would the currency that depends on it.
Credit crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Credit crazymoneystockgold
Credit crazymoneystockgold is any claim against a physical or legal person that can be used for the purchase of goods and services[4]. Credit crazymoneystockgold differs from commodity and fiat crazymoneystockgold in two important ways: It is not payable on demand and there is some element of risk that the real value upon fulfillment of the claim will not be equal to real value expected at the time of purchase[4].
This risk comes about in two ways and affects both buyer and seller.
First it is a claim and the claimant may default (not pay). High levels of default have destructive supply side effects. If manufacturers and service providers do not recieve payment for the goods they produce, they will not have the resources to buy the labor and materials needed to produce new goods and services. This reduces supply, increases prices and raises unemployment, possibly triggering a period of stagflation. In extreme cases, widespread defaults can cause a lack of confidence in lending institutions and lead to economic depression. For example, abuse of credit arrangements is considered one of the significant causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s. [8]
The second source of risk is time. Credit crazymoneystockgold is a promise of future payment. If the interest rate on the claim fails to compensate for the combined impact of the inflation (or deflation) rate and the time value of crazymoneystockgold, the seller will receive less real value than anticipated. If the interest rate on the claim overcompensates, the buyer will pay more than expected.
Crazymoneystockgold supply
Main article: Crazymoneystockgold supply
Components of US crazymoneystockgold supply (M1, M2, and M3) since 1959The crazymoneystockgold supply is the amount of crazymoneystockgold available within a specific economy available for purchasing goods or services. The supply in the US is usually considered as four escalating categories M0, M1, M2 and M3. The categories grow in size with M3 representing all forms of crazymoneystockgold (including credit) and M0 being just base crazymoneystockgold (coins, bills, and central bank deposits). M0 is also crazymoneystockgold that can satisfy private banks' reserve requirements. In the US, the Federal Reserve is responsible for controlling the crazymoneystockgold supply, while in the Euro area the respective institution is the ECB. Other central banks with significant impact on global finances are the Bank of Japan, People's Bank of China and the Bank of England.
When gold is used as crazymoneystockgold, the crazymoneystockgold supply can grow in either of two ways. First, the crazymoneystockgold supply can increase as the amount of gold increases by new gold mining at about 2% per year, but it can also increase more during periods of gold rushes and discoveries, such as when Columbus discovered the new world and brought gold back to Spain, or when gold was discovered in California in 1848. This kind of increase helps debtors, and causes inflation, as the value of gold goes down. Second, the crazymoneystockgold supply can increase when the value of gold goes up, as this makes existing stocks of gold more valuable. This kind of increase helps savers and creditors and is called deflation, where items for sale are increasingly less expensive in terms of gold. Deflation was the more typical situation for over a century when gold was used as crazymoneystockgold in the US from 1792 to 1913.
Monetary policy
Main article: Monetary policy
Monetary policy is the process by which a government, central bank, or monetary authority manages the crazymoneystockgold supply to achieve specific goals. Usually the goal of monetary policy is to accommodate economic growth in an environment of stable prices. For example, it is clearly stated in the Federal Reserve Act that the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee should seek “to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.” [9]
A failed monetary policy can have significant detrimental effects on an economy and the society that depends on it. These include hyperinflation, stagflation, recession, high unemployment, shortages on imported goods, inability to export goods, and even total monetary collapse and the adoption of a much less efficient barter economy. This happened in Russia, for instance, after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Governments and central banks have taken both regulatory and free market approaches to monetary policy. Some of the various tools used to control the crazymoneystockgold supply include:
currency purchases or sales
increasing or lowering government spending
increasing or lowering government borrowing
changing the rate at which the government loans or borrows crazymoneystockgold
manipulation of exchange rates
taxation or tax breaks on imports or exports of capital into a country
raising or lowering bank reserve requirements
regulation or prohibition of private currencies
For many years much of monetary policy was influenced by an economic theory known as monetarism. Monetarism is an economic theory which argues that management of the crazymoneystockgold supply should be the primary means of regulating economic activity. The stability of the demand for crazymoneystockgold prior to the 1980s was a key finding of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz [10] supported by the work of David Laidler[11], and many others.
Technical, institutional, and legal changes changed the nature of the demand for crazymoneystockgold during the 1980s and the influence of monetarism has since decreased.
Social and psychological value of crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Social and psychological value of crazymoneystockgold
Crazymoneystockgold is universally valued; Crazymoneystockgold today is valued for the products and services for which it can be exchanged, the security it provides against unexpected needs, the economic power it generates, the political influence it exerts, the social status it offers to those who possess it, and also the self-confidence and sense of accomplishment it fosters in those who earn it.
Theories abound to explain the economic value of crazymoneystockgold in terms of purchasing power. But in order to fully understand the value of crazymoneystockgold, economic theory is not sufficient. Crazymoneystockgold has acquired the all-pervasive value that it possesses today by a slow evolutionary process that can be most easily understood by tracing its social and psychological origins from ancient times. Crazymoneystockgold has to be viewed in a wider context as a social institution based on the consent of the population and as a psychological symbol based on the consent of the individual.
In common usage, crazymoneystockgold refers more specifically to currency, particularly the many circulating currencies with legal tender status conferred by a national state; deposit accounts denominated in such currencies are also considered part of the crazymoneystockgold supply, although these characteristics are historically comparatively recent. Crazymoneystockgold may also serve as a means of rationing access to scarce resources and as a quantitative measure that provides a common standard for the comparison and valuation of quality as well as quantity, such as in the valuation of real estate or artistic works.
The use of crazymoneystockgold provides an easier alternative to barter, which is considered in a modern, complex economy to be inefficient because it requires a coincidence of wants between traders, and an agreement that these needs are of equal value, before a transaction can occur. The efficiency gains through the use of crazymoneystockgold are thought to encourage trade and the division of labour, in turn increasing productivity and wealth
Early commodity systems
A number of commodity crazymoneystockgold systems were amongst the earliest forms of crazymoneystockgold to emerge. For example
the shekel referred to a specific volume of barley in ancient Babylon
iron sticks were used in Argos, before Pheidon's reforms.
cowries were used as a crazymoneystockgold in Africa (up until 19th Century), ancient China and throughout the South Pacific.
salt was used as a currency in pre-coinage societies in Europe.
ox-shaped ingots of copper seem to have functioned as a currency in the Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean.
state certified weights of gold and silver functioned as currency and gave rise to the development of coinage
rum-currency operated in the early European settlement of Sydney cove in Australia.
cash crops such as tobacco, rice, wheat, indigo, and maize were used as crazymoneystockgold in colonial Virginia.
Under a commodity crazymoneystockgold system, the objects used as crazymoneystockgold have intrinsic value, i.e., they have value beyond their use as crazymoneystockgold. For example, gold coins retain value because of gold's useful physical properties besides its value due to monetary usage, whereas paper notes are only worth as much as the monetary value assigned to them. Commodity crazymoneystockgold is usually adopted to simplify transactions in a barter economy, and so it functions first as a medium of exchange. It quickly begins functioning as a store of value, since holders of perishable goods can easily convert them into durable crazymoneystockgold.
The rise of fiat currencies
The bulkiness and limited transportability of some forms of commodity crazymoneystockgold led to the rise of symbolic substitutes. Goldsmiths' receipts became an accepted crazymoneystockgold-substitute for gold in 17th Century England. The goldsmiths were the precursors of leading banks in England and the receipts they issued were the precursors of the banknote. During the 19th Century commercial banks in Europe and North America issued their own banknotes based on the same principle of partial backing. In the US, the Free Banking Era lasted between 1837 and 1866.
By the end of the 19th century, however, most countries prohibited private issues of banknotes or brought private issuers under the control of central banks.
Banknotes from all around the world donated by visitors to the British Museum, LondonBanknotes (also known as paper crazymoneystockgold) and coins are the most liquid forms of symbolic crazymoneystockgold and are commonly used for small person-to-person transactions. There are also less tangible forms of crazymoneystockgold, which nevertheless serve the same functions as crazymoneystockgold. Cheques, debit cards and wire transfers are used as means to more easily transfer larger amounts of crazymoneystockgold between bank accounts. Electronic crazymoneystockgold is an entirely non-physical currency that is traded and used over the internet.
The invention of symbolic substitutes for crazymoneystockgold further loosened the association between crazymoneystockgold and barter and opened the way for fiat crazymoneystockgold. Fiat crazymoneystockgold is currency that has negligible inherent value and is not backed by any commodity. A central authority (government) creates a new crazymoneystockgold object by issuing paper currency or creating new bank deposits. The widespread acceptance of fiat crazymoneystockgold is most frequently enhanced by the central authority mandating the crazymoneystockgold's acceptance as legal tender and demanding this crazymoneystockgold in payment of taxes or tribute.
By the early 1970s almost all countries had abandoned the gold standard and converted their national currencies to pure fiat crazymoneystockgold.[citation needed] Today, gold is commonly used as a store of value, but is not often used as a medium of exchange or a unit of account. But central banks do use gold as a unit of account.[citation needed]
Today's national currencies are backed by the governments that issue them, not by gold or silver, and the governments are backed by the productive capacity of the societies they represent.
Currency unions
During the 20th century, it was normal for all independent states to have their own national currency, managed by a central bank. In 1999, however, a number of countries in the European Union adopted a common currency, the euro. From 1999 to 2002, the euro was a common unit of account co-existing with national currencies which continued to circulate. In 2002, euro-denominated notes and coins were issued, and rapidly displaced the previous national currencies, including the French franc, German mark and Italian lira.
In addition, a number of countries including Ecuador and El Salvador have adopted the policy of dollarization, abandoning the national currency in favor of that of another country, most commonly the United States dollar.
Economic analysis of currency unions focuses on two issues. The theory of optimum currency areas deals with the extent to which countries or regions experience common economic shocks and can therefore benefit from a common monetary policy. Countries with high levels of trade and similar economic structures may benefit from a currency union. The literature on central bank credibility deals with the conditions under which central banks can make a credible commitment to avoid inflation. When these conditions are not met, dollarization may be an appropriate policy response.
Major world currencies
Bloomberg L.P. lists the following major currencies used in trading[3].
Australia - Australian Dollar (AUD)
Canada - Canadian Dollar (CAD)
European Monetary Union (EUR-13) - Euro (EUR)
Hong Kong - Hong Kong Dollar (HKD)
Japan - Japanese Yen (JPY)
Switzerland - Swiss Franc (CHF)
United Kingdom - Pound Sterling (GBP)
United States - US Dollar (USD)
Besides these currencies gold and silver are traded globally on the currency markets:
Gold (XAU) quoted in 1 ounce increments
Silver (XAG) quoted in 1000 ounce increments
In addition, the Chinese Renminbi is an important currency in international trade, but trade in financial markets is subject to central bank restrictions.
Social and political impact of crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Integration of crazymoneystockgold with other social institutions
The evolution of crazymoneystockgold illustrates how each new social institution creates linkages with other existing social institutions as it develops and those linkages gradually expand into complex networks of relationships until they become inseparable elements of a single social web. The evolution of crazymoneystockgold began as a medium of exchange and measure of value crazymoneystockgold, thus serving as a stimulant for the exchange of goods and services. It has ended as a force for restructuring political and social relationships.
Over time, crazymoneystockgold has helped breakdown the rigid class structure which allocated privileges according to one’s birth. In a crazymoneystockgold economy access to goods and services is based on the capacity to pay rather than one’s social origins. Thus it helps eliminate social discrimination based on caste and class.
As a medium for storage of value, it gave rise to banking. Banks pooled economic resources, and provided a legal structure for transporting crazymoneystockgold over great distances. This in turn allowed the development of capital intensive trade routes around the globe. At a later date, pooled capital permitted large scale investments in productive capacity and infrastructure, thus facilitating the industrial revolution.
Crazymoneystockgold has also changed political and social structure. The ever increasing need of that government for more funds created the need for taxation and made governments increasingly dependent and subject to those sections of society that possessed or controlled large sums of crazymoneystockgold. The right to collect taxes initially helped monarchy centralize power and influence in a national government. The English Parliament eventually wrested power from the king by first acquiring the sole right to raise taxes, paving the way for democracy.
Crazymoneystockgold has also played an important role in population migrations and the shifting balance of power between individuals, the state and religious institutions. The desire to add Jewish wealth to Catholic and Spanish treasuries helped trigger the Spanish inquisition.[citation needed] Many Catholics fled England after Henry the 8th dissolved the catholic monasteries and confiscated their treasuries.[citation needed]
The need for large sums of crazymoneystockgold helped limit the power of absolute monarchs and caused the realignment of social roles. Despite their philosophical and religious claims, to absolute power the monarchs of the middle ages were frequently dependent on wealthy bankers and traders for the funds to wage war. This forced a limited form of power sharing and rule by consensus. In some cases, particularly in Italy, oligarchies of rich merchants, rather than hereditary rulers governed.
Crazymoneystockgold also played a limiting role in religious discrimination. Despite the Catholic church's many attempts to isolate Jews from the surrounding Christian society, Jews were periodically invited to move into a country as a way of stimulating trade across Europe and the far east. Because Jews were found all along the trade routes and their use of Hebrew provided a common language for trade from Europe to China. Their historic role in banking was as much stimulated by their unique position on trade routes as by the oft cited Catholic edicts against usury[citation needed]
Economic characteristics
Crazymoneystockgold is generally considered to have the following characteristics, which are summed up in a rhyme found older economics textbooks and a primer: "Crazymoneystockgold is a matter of functions four, a medium, a measure, a standard, a store."
There have been many historical arguments regarding the combination of crazymoneystockgold's functions, some arguing that they need more separation and that a single unit is insufficient to deal with them all. Financial capital is a more general and inclusive term for all liquid instruments, whether or not they are a uniformly recognized tender.
Medium of exchange
Main article: Medium of exchange
A medium of exchange is an intermediary used in trade. An effective medium of exchange should have the following characteristics:
It should also be recognizable as something of value. Person A should recognize the value of the item so that Person B can give it to A in exchange for goods or services.
It should be easily transportable; precious metals have a high value to weight ratio. This is why oil, coal, vermiculite, or water are not suitable as crazymoneystockgold even though they are valuable. Paper notes have proved highly convenient in this regard.
It should be durable. Crazymoneystockgold is often left in pockets through the wash. Some countries (such as Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and Singapore) are making their bank notes out of plastic for increased durability. Gold coins are often mixed with copper to improve durability.
It should minimize contamination and contagion. Since crazymoneystockgold is frequently handled it becomes a pathway for infectious disease transmission. Recent studies have shown that the area in business offices that show the highest contamination by disease causing organisms is the accounting office where crazymoneystockgold must be counted and handled.
Unit of account
Main article: Unit of account
A unit of account is a standard numerical unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a "measure" or "standard" of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary pre-requisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt.
An effective unit of account should be:
Divisible into small units without destroying its value; precious metals can be coined from bars, or melted down into bars again. This is why leather and live animals are not suitable as crazymoneystockgold.
Fungible: that is, one unit or piece must be exactly equivalent to another, which is why diamonds, works of art or real estate are not suitable as crazymoneystockgold.
A specific weight, or measure, or size to be verifiably countable. For instance, coins are often made with ridges around the edges, so that any removal of material from the coin (lowering its commodity value) will be easy to detect.
Store of value
Main article: Store of value
To act as a store of value, a commodity, a form of crazymoneystockgold, or financial capital must be able to be reliably saved, stored, and retrieved - and be predictably useful when it is so retrieved. Fiat currency like paper or electronic currency no longer backed by gold in most countries is not considered by some economists to be a storage of value.
An effective store of value should have the following characteristics:
It should be long lasting and durable; it must not be perishable or subject to decay. This is why food items, expensive spices, or even fine silks or oriental rugs are not generally suitable as crazymoneystockgold.
It should have a stable value.
It should be difficult to counterfeit, and the genuine must be easily recognizable.
Market liquidity
Main article: Market liquidity
The fourth and final function of crazymoneystockgold, as a means of liquidity. It is important for any economy to move beyond a simple system of bartering. Liquidity describes how easy it is an item can be traded for something that you want, or into the common currency within an economy. Crazymoneystockgold is the most liquid asset because it is universally recognised and accepted as the common currency. In this way, crazymoneystockgold gives consumers the freedom to trade goods and services easily without having to barter.
Liquid financial instruments are easily tradable and have a low transaction costs. There should be no or minimal spread between the prices to buy and sell the instrument being used as crazymoneystockgold.
Types of crazymoneystockgold
In economics, crazymoneystockgold is a broad term that refers to any instrument that can be used in the resolution of debt. However, not all crazymoneystockgold is created equal.
One early theoretician, Ludwig von Mises, argued for the importance of distinguishing between three types of crazymoneystockgold: commodity crazymoneystockgold, fiat crazymoneystockgold, and credit crazymoneystockgold. Each carries different economic strengths and liabilities - a point driven home in his book The Theory of Crazymoneystockgold and Credit.
Modern monetary theory also distinguishes between different types of crazymoneystockgold, using a categorization system that focuses on the liquidity of crazymoneystockgold.
Commodity crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Commodity crazymoneystockgold
Commodity crazymoneystockgold is any crazymoneystockgold that is both used as a general purpose medium of exchange and as a tradable commodity in its own right.[4]
Commodity based currencies are often viewed as more stable, but this is not always the case. The value of a commodity based currency as a medium of exchange depends on its supply relative to other goods and services available in the economy.
Historically, gold, silver and other metals commonly used in commodity based monetary systems have been subject to regular and sometimes extraordinary fluctuations in purchasing power. This not only damages its stability as a medium of exchange; it also reduces its effectiveness as a store of value. In the 1500 and 1600's huge quantities of gold and even larger amounts of silver were discovered in the New World and brought back to Europe for conversion into coin, the purchasing power of those coins fell by 60% to 80%, i.e. prices of commodities rose, because the supply of goods for sale did not keep pace with the increased supply of crazymoneystockgold.[5] In addition, the relative value of silver to gold shifted dramatically downward.[6] More recently, from 1980 to 2001, gold was a particularly poor store of value, as gold prices dropped from a high of $850/oz. to a low of $255/oz. The advantage of gold and silver, however, lies in the fact that, unlike fiat paper currency, the supply cannot be increased arbitrarily by a central bank.
It is also possible for the trading value of a commodity crazymoneystockgold to be greater than its value as a medium of exchange. When this happens people will often start melting down coins and reselling the metal used to make them. This has happened periodically in the United States, eventually causing it to move away from pure silver nickels and pure copper pennies.[citation needed] Shipping coins from one jurisdiction to another so that they could be reminted was sometimes a lucrative trade before the advent of trusted paper crazymoneystockgold.[citation needed]
Commodity crazymoneystockgold's ability to function as a store of value is also limited by its very nature. Copper and tin risk rust and corrosion. Gold and silver are soft metals that can lose weight through scratches and abrasions.
Stability aside, commodity based currencies are limiting in a rapidly growing or very active economy. The supply of crazymoneystockgold in an economy must be equal or greater than the volume of trade. If commodities are used as crazymoneystockgold, then the crazymoneystockgold supply must equal the total amount of goods and services sold. In a large economy, the volume of trade can easily outstrip the supply of any one commodity.
This problem is compounded by the fact that crazymoneystockgold also serves as a store of value. This encourages hoarding and takes the commodity crazymoneystockgold out circulation, reducing the supply. The supply of circulating commodity currency is further reduced by the fact that commodity crazymoneystockgolds also have competing non-monetary uses. For example, gold and silver is used in jewelery and nickel and copper have important industrial uses.
Commodity based currencies also limit the geographic extent of the trading market. To make large purchases either a large volume or a high weight or both of the commodity must be transported to the seller. The cost of transportation of the currency raises the transaction cost and makes long distance sales less attractive.
Fiat crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Fiat crazymoneystockgold
Fiat crazymoneystockgold is any crazymoneystockgold whose value is determined by legal means rather than the relative availability of goods and services. Fiat crazymoneystockgold may be symbolic of a commodity or government promises.[4]
Fiat crazymoneystockgold provides solutions to several limitations of commodity crazymoneystockgold. Depending on the laws, there may be little or no need to physically transport the crazymoneystockgold - an electronic exchange may be sufficient. Its sole use is as a medium of exchange so its supply is not limited by competing alternate uses. It can be printed without limit, so there is no limit on trade volumes.
Fiat crazymoneystockgold, especially in the form of paper or coins, can be easily damaged or destroyed. However, it has has an advantage over commodity crazymoneystockgold in that the same laws that created the crazymoneystockgold can also define rules for its replacement in case of damage or destruction. For example, the US government will replace mutilated paper crazymoneystockgold if at least half of the bill can be reconstructed.[7]. By contrast commodity crazymoneystockgold is gone for good.
Paper crazymoneystockgold is especially vulnerable to everyday hazards: from fire, water, termites, and simple wear and tear. Crazymoneystockgold in the form of minted coins is sometimes destroyed by children placing it on railroad tracks or in amusement park machines that restamp it. In order to reduce replacement costs, many countries are converting to plastic bills. For example, Mexico has changed its twenty and fifty pesos notes, Singapore its $2 and $10 bills, Malaysia with $1,$5,$10,$50 and $100, and Australia and New Zealand their $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100 to plastic for the increased durability.
Some of the benefits of fiat crazymoneystockgold can be a double-edged sword. For example, if the amount of crazymoneystockgold in active circulation outstrips the available goods and services for sale, the effect can be inflationary. This can easily happen if governments print crazymoneystockgold without attention to the level of economic activity or counterfeiters are allowed to flourish.
Perhaps the biggest criticism of paper crazymoneystockgold relates to the fact that its stability is highly dependent on the stability of the legal system backing the currency. Should the legal system fail, so would the currency that depends on it.
Credit crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Credit crazymoneystockgold
Credit crazymoneystockgold is any claim against a physical or legal person that can be used for the purchase of goods and services[4]. Credit crazymoneystockgold differs from commodity and fiat crazymoneystockgold in two important ways: It is not payable on demand and there is some element of risk that the real value upon fulfillment of the claim will not be equal to real value expected at the time of purchase[4].
This risk comes about in two ways and affects both buyer and seller.
First it is a claim and the claimant may default (not pay). High levels of default have destructive supply side effects. If manufacturers and service providers do not recieve payment for the goods they produce, they will not have the resources to buy the labor and materials needed to produce new goods and services. This reduces supply, increases prices and raises unemployment, possibly triggering a period of stagflation. In extreme cases, widespread defaults can cause a lack of confidence in lending institutions and lead to economic depression. For example, abuse of credit arrangements is considered one of the significant causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s. [8]
The second source of risk is time. Credit crazymoneystockgold is a promise of future payment. If the interest rate on the claim fails to compensate for the combined impact of the inflation (or deflation) rate and the time value of crazymoneystockgold, the seller will receive less real value than anticipated. If the interest rate on the claim overcompensates, the buyer will pay more than expected.
Crazymoneystockgold supply
Main article: Crazymoneystockgold supply
Components of US crazymoneystockgold supply (M1, M2, and M3) since 1959The crazymoneystockgold supply is the amount of crazymoneystockgold available within a specific economy available for purchasing goods or services. The supply in the US is usually considered as four escalating categories M0, M1, M2 and M3. The categories grow in size with M3 representing all forms of crazymoneystockgold (including credit) and M0 being just base crazymoneystockgold (coins, bills, and central bank deposits). M0 is also crazymoneystockgold that can satisfy private banks' reserve requirements. In the US, the Federal Reserve is responsible for controlling the crazymoneystockgold supply, while in the Euro area the respective institution is the ECB. Other central banks with significant impact on global finances are the Bank of Japan, People's Bank of China and the Bank of England.
When gold is used as crazymoneystockgold, the crazymoneystockgold supply can grow in either of two ways. First, the crazymoneystockgold supply can increase as the amount of gold increases by new gold mining at about 2% per year, but it can also increase more during periods of gold rushes and discoveries, such as when Columbus discovered the new world and brought gold back to Spain, or when gold was discovered in California in 1848. This kind of increase helps debtors, and causes inflation, as the value of gold goes down. Second, the crazymoneystockgold supply can increase when the value of gold goes up, as this makes existing stocks of gold more valuable. This kind of increase helps savers and creditors and is called deflation, where items for sale are increasingly less expensive in terms of gold. Deflation was the more typical situation for over a century when gold was used as crazymoneystockgold in the US from 1792 to 1913.
Monetary policy
Main article: Monetary policy
Monetary policy is the process by which a government, central bank, or monetary authority manages the crazymoneystockgold supply to achieve specific goals. Usually the goal of monetary policy is to accommodate economic growth in an environment of stable prices. For example, it is clearly stated in the Federal Reserve Act that the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee should seek “to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.” [9]
A failed monetary policy can have significant detrimental effects on an economy and the society that depends on it. These include hyperinflation, stagflation, recession, high unemployment, shortages on imported goods, inability to export goods, and even total monetary collapse and the adoption of a much less efficient barter economy. This happened in Russia, for instance, after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Governments and central banks have taken both regulatory and free market approaches to monetary policy. Some of the various tools used to control the crazymoneystockgold supply include:
currency purchases or sales
increasing or lowering government spending
increasing or lowering government borrowing
changing the rate at which the government loans or borrows crazymoneystockgold
manipulation of exchange rates
taxation or tax breaks on imports or exports of capital into a country
raising or lowering bank reserve requirements
regulation or prohibition of private currencies
For many years much of monetary policy was influenced by an economic theory known as monetarism. Monetarism is an economic theory which argues that management of the crazymoneystockgold supply should be the primary means of regulating economic activity. The stability of the demand for crazymoneystockgold prior to the 1980s was a key finding of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz [10] supported by the work of David Laidler[11], and many others.
Technical, institutional, and legal changes changed the nature of the demand for crazymoneystockgold during the 1980s and the influence of monetarism has since decreased.
Social and psychological value of crazymoneystockgold
Main article: Social and psychological value of crazymoneystockgold
Crazymoneystockgold is universally valued; Crazymoneystockgold today is valued for the products and services for which it can be exchanged, the security it provides against unexpected needs, the economic power it generates, the political influence it exerts, the social status it offers to those who possess it, and also the self-confidence and sense of accomplishment it fosters in those who earn it.
Theories abound to explain the economic value of crazymoneystockgold in terms of purchasing power. But in order to fully understand the value of crazymoneystockgold, economic theory is not sufficient. Crazymoneystockgold has acquired the all-pervasive value that it possesses today by a slow evolutionary process that can be most easily understood by tracing its social and psychological origins from ancient times. Crazymoneystockgold has to be viewed in a wider context as a social institution based on the consent of the population and as a psychological symbol based on the consent of the individual.
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